Target Landscape of Conserved Plant MicroRNAs and the Complexities of Their Ancient MicroRNA-Binding Sites.

In plants, microRNA (miRNA)-target interactions (MTIs) require high complementarity, a feature from which bioinformatic programs have predicted numerous and diverse targets for any given miRNA, promoting the idea of complex miRNA networks. Opposing this is a hypothesis of constrained miRNA specificity, in which functional MTIs are restricted to the few targets whose required expression output is compatible with the expression of the miRNA. To explore these opposing views, the bioinformatic pipeline Targets Ranked Using Experimental Evidence was applied to strongly conserved miRNAs to identity their high-evidence (HE) targets across species.

TRUEE; a bioinformatic pipeline to define the functional microRNA targetome of Arabidopsis.

Central to plant microRNA (miRNA) biology is the identification of functional miRNA-target interactions (MTIs). However, the complementarity basis of bioinformatic target prediction results in mostly false positives, and the degree of complementarity does not equate with regulation. Here, we develop a bioinformatic workflow named TRUEE (Targets Ranked Using Experimental Evidence) that ranks MTIs on the extent to which they are subjected to miRNA-mediated cleavage.

Cost impact of using patients' own multidose medications in hospital.

Background: The use of patients' own medications may allow minimization of drug wastage and costs. However, the cost impact of this practice, taking into account the time that pharmacy personnel spend on verification, is unknown.

Objectives: To determine the cost impact of using patients' own multidose medications within a surgical population, relative to the cost of routine dispensing; to describe the prescribing of multidose medications with regard to type, prevalence, quantity, and formulary status; and to determine the percentage of medications suitable for use after verification.