Genomic epidemiology describes introduction and outbreaks of antifungal drug-resistant .

is a globally emerged fungal pathogen causing nosocomial invasive infections. Here, we use cutting-edge genomic approaches to elucidate the temporal and geographic epidemiology of drug-resistant within the UK. We analysed a representative sample of over 200 isolates from multiple UK hospitals to assess the number and timings of introductions and infer subsequent patterns of inter- and intra-hospital transmission of azole drug-resistant isolates.

Emerging Antifungal Resistance in Fungal Pathogens.

Purpose Of Review: Over recent decades, the number of outbreaks caused by fungi has increased for humans, plants (including important crop species) and animals. Yet this problem is compounded by emerging antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic species. Resistance develops over time when fungi are exposed to drugs either in the patient or in the environment.

Point-of-care echocardiography and thoracic ultrasound in the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection: Experience in three regional UK intensive care units.

Introduction: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has an established role in the management of the critically ill. Information and experience of its use in those with COVID-19 disease is still evolving. We undertook a review of cardiac and thoracic ultrasound examinations in patients with COVID-19 on the intensive care unit (ICU).

Building a pharmacy technician structure for the future: A lesson from a multihospital academic health system.

Purpose: Over the past decade there has been increased attention on the need for highly skilled and trained pharmacy technicians; however, few best practices to assist health-system pharmacies in meeting technician workforce challenges have been identified. These challenges have been further revealed since 2019 through rising inflation, increased cost of living, and competing opportunities for skilled technical workers. This article describes an 18-hospital academic health system's experience implementing an innovative pharmacy technician career structure focused on increasing pharmacy technician engagement as well as improving recruitment and retention.

A narrative review of course evaluation methods for continuing professional development: The case of paediatric and neonatal acute-care in-service courses in low and lower-middle income countries: BEME Guide No. 76.

Background: Training a skilled healthcare workforce is an essential part in reaching the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal to end preventable deaths in children and neonates. The greatest burden of mortality lies in low and lower-middle income countries (LLMIC). Short term, in-service courses have been implemented in many LLMIC to improve the quality of care delivered, but the evaluation methods of these courses are inconsistent.

Hyperammonaemic encephalopathy following bariatric surgery: A case of a potentially life-threatening delayed complication.

Hyperammonaemia is a life-threatening condition with numerous aetiologies and a variable presentation. It is increasingly associated with bariatric weight-loss procedures and significant mortality despite treatment. Symptoms often occur long after surgery and at times in association with other trigger illnesses.

Analysis of an adaptive lead weighted ResNet for multiclass classification of 12-lead ECGs.

. Twelve lead ECGs are a core diagnostic tool for cardiovascular diseases. Here, we describe and analyse an ensemble deep neural network architecture to classify 24 cardiac abnormalities from 12 lead ECGs.

Getting there together: highlights, challenges and opportunities for tobacco control in the Oceania region.

Background: The paper focuses on the geographical region of Oceania. We highlight the tobacco control leadership demonstrated in this region and describe the challenges and opportunities to achieving country-specific smoke-free goals.

Results: Significant achievements include smoke-free nation goals, world-leading initiatives such as plain packaging, and a bold plan by New Zealand to reduce the retail availability of smoked tobacco products and remove virtually all the nicotine from cigarettes and rolling tobacco.

Population genetics and microevolution of clinical Candida glabrata reveals recombinant sequence types and hyper-variation within mitochondrial genomes, virulence genes, and drug targets.

Candida glabrata is the second most common etiological cause of worldwide systemic candidiasis in adult patients. Genome analysis of 68 isolates from 8 hospitals across Scotland, together with 83 global isolates, revealed insights into the population genetics and evolution of C. glabrata.

Exploring indigenous perspectives on tobacco tax: how some Māori families are responding in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Objective: High smoking prevalence rates, combined with a steep tax on tobacco and lower household income, mean that 5% of Māori (indigenous) whānau (family unit) expenditure in New Zealand is on tobacco. This paper outlines whānau perceptions of, and behavioural responses to, increasing tobacco tax.

Methods: This qualitative study was informed by the Kaupapa Māori theory and used a simplified interpretive phenomenological analysis thematic hybrid methodology.

Chronic conditions in the community: Preventative principles and emerging practices among Māori health services providers.

Issue: The pressing chronic conditions prevention needs of Māori (the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand) are yet to be adequately addressed using mainstream approaches. This study investigated how Māori health service providers (MHSP) are positioning themselves to better meet the chronic conditions prevention needs of Māori.

Methods: Kaupapa Māori methodology underpinned a three-phase research project that investigated three Māori health service provider-based chronic conditions prevention cases, in different regions of Aotearoa New Zealand, using an instrumental case study design.

Inter-laboratory comparison of channelized hotelling observer computation.

Purpose: The task-based assessment of image quality using model observers is increasingly used for the assessment of different imaging modalities. However, the performance computation of model observers needs standardization as well as a well-established trust in its implementation methodology and uncertainty estimation. The purpose of this work was to determine the degree of equivalence of the channelized Hotelling observer performance and uncertainty estimation using an intercomparison exercise.

Assessing CT acquisition parameters with visual-search model observers.

A principal difference between the channelized Hotelling (CH) and visual-search (VS) model observers is how they respond to noise texture in images. We compared the two observers in lesion-detection studies to evaluate linear and angular sampling parameters for CT. Simulated lung images were generated from a single two-dimensional mathematical torso phantom containing circular lesions of fixed radius and relative contrast.

Smoking prevalence among doctors and nurses-2013 New Zealand census data.

Aims: To examine recent smoking trends among doctors and nurses in New Zealand.

Methods: Analysis of smoking prevalence in the 2013 New Zealand Census and comparison with previous census data.

Results: The 2013 census included 7,065 male and 5,619 female doctors, and 2,988 male and 36,138 female nurses.

New Zealand policy experts' appraisal of interventions to reduce smoking in young adults: a qualitative investigation.

Objectives: Reducing smoking in young adults, particularly young Māori and Pacific, is vital for reducing tobacco harm and health inequalities in New Zealand (NZ). We investigated how NZ policy experts appraised the feasibility and likely effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce smoking prevalence among 18-24 year olds.

Design: We used a qualitative design, conducting semistructured interviews and applying thematic analysis.

Analyzing visual-search observers using eye-tracking data for digital breast tomosynthesis images.

Visual-search (VS) model observers have the potential to provide reliable predictions of human-observer performance in detection-localization tasks. The purpose of this work was to examine some characteristics of human gaze on breast images with the goal of informing the design of our VS observers. Using a helmet-mounted eye-tracking system, we recorded the movement of gaze from human observers as they searched for masses in sets of 2D digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) images.