Incidence, aetiology and injury characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury in Stockholm, Sweden: A prospective, population-based update.

Objectives: To update the incidence rate, aetiology and injury characteristics of acutely-injured adults with traumatic spinal cord injury in Stockholm, Sweden, using international standards of reporting.

Study Design: Prospective, (regional) population-based observation.

Subjects: Forty-nine consecutively enrolled individuals.

Evaluation of ACE, SP17, and FSHB as candidates for stallion fertility in Hanoverian warmblood horses.

The research of fertility in humans and other mammals has strongly advanced in the recent years. The examination of molecular mechanisms influencing horse fertility is relatively recent. We chose the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), the sperm autoantigenic protein 17 (SP17) and the follicle stimulating hormone (FSHB) as candidates for determining stallion fertility and to analyze associations of intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), flanking microsatellites and candidate-gene linked haplotypes with the pregnancy rate per oestrus (PRO) in 179 Hanoverian stallions.

Evaluation of prolactin receptor (PRLR) as candidate gene for male fertility in Hanoverian warmblood horses.

Stallion fertility has increasing importance as the artificial insemination is employed in horses more intensely. Molecular genetic markers may be useful tools to evaluate the stallion fertility before breeding. The prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) was chosen as a candidate for stallion fertility because of its influence on testicular and accessory sex gland function.

Infertility and candidate gene markers for fertility in stallions: a review.

Stallion fertility is of high economic importance for the horse industry. The discovery of molecular mechanisms affecting fertility will be facilitated by the horse genome assembly and the development of novel tools for analysing complex genetic traits. Genetic markers in candidate genes, such as CRISP3, SPATA1 and INHBA, in breeding stallions have been associated with pregnancy rate per oestrus in mares.

Relaxing music as pre-medication before surgery: a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Patients who await surgery often suffer from fear and anxiety, which can be prevented by anxiolytic drugs. Relaxing music may be an alternative treatment with fewer adverse effects. This randomised clinical trial compared pre-operative midazolam with relaxing music.

Evaluation of SPATA1-associated markers for stallion fertility.

Stallion fertility is an economically important trait because the use of artificial insemination is increasing in the horse industry and superior sires are used more intensely. Molecular genetic markers may be useful as early indicators for a stallion's fertility and genetic improvement programmes. The testis-specific SPATA1 protein is involved in shaping the sperm head during spermatogenesis.

INHBA-associated markers as candidates for stallion fertility.

The inhibin beta A (INHBA) gene was chosen as candidate for stallion fertility and analysed for intragenic markers to find associations with pregnancy rate per oestrus. Intragenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were developed in order to perform an association and haplotype analysis using the least square means (LSM) of the pregnancy rate per oestrus for stallions as well as breeding values (BVs) for the embryonic and paternal component of the pregnancy rate per oestrus. The polymorphisms were genotyped in 161 Hanoverian warmblood stallions.

Outpatient versus inpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized study of symptom occurrence, symptom distress and general state of health during the first post-operative week.

Background: Few randomized clinical trials focus on patients' symptoms of the first post-operative week following outpatient (OPS) versus inpatient (IPS) laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). The objective was to compare these treatment modalities with regard to patients' perceptions of pain and other post-operative symptoms, amount of distress, level of anxiety and general state of health during the first post-operative week.

Methods: One hundred patients were randomized.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting after breast surgery: efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron and droperidol in a randomized placebo-controlled study.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common adverse phenomenon following breast surgery. The efficacy of ondansetron and droperidol in preventing post-operative nausea and vomiting in women undergoing breast surgery was compared in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Altogether 207 women were randomly assigned to receive either a single intravenous dose of droperidol (1.

The modifying influence of anaesthesia on postoperative protein catabolism.

We studied two groups of six patients scheduled for gastrointestinal surgery; they were allocated randomly to receive high- or low-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. The confounding effect of protein balance, before the trauma of surgery, on postoperative nitrogen excretion was controlled by standardized protein intake before operation, supplemented by adequate calories. The high-dose group had significantly lower stress levels during surgery, assessed by arterial blood concentrations of cortisone, adrenaline and glucose.

Protein and amino acid metabolism during early starvation as reflected by excretion of urea and methylhistidines.

Endogenous excretion of nitrogenous products was studied during early starvation in six healthy, nonobese subjects after six days on a well-defined diet, designed to achieve net protein balance and an adequate calorie supply. The diet contained 0.5 g myofibrillar-free protein and 35 kcal/kg body weight.

Paravertebral block during cholecystectomy: effects on circulatory and hormonal responses.

Surgical trauma induces a hormonal metabolic response which is partly responsible for postoperative catabolism. In this study 12 patients underwent cholecystectomy during isoflurane anaesthesia, six with a paravertebral block (PVB) in addition. Plasma concentrations of glucose, cortisol and adrenaline, and heart rate and arterial pressure were compared between the two groups.

High- and low-dose fentanyl anaesthesia: hormonal and metabolic responses during cholecystectomy.

We have compared two groups of patients given low- or high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia. Arterial blood samples were collected for measurement of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, beta-hydroxy-butyrate, insulin, c-peptide, glucagon, human growth hormone (HGH), cortisol and adrenaline concentrations. After induction of anaesthesia, blood concentrations of most of these substances decreased.

High- and low-dose fentanyl anaesthesia: circulatory and plasma catecholamine responses during cholecystectomy.

The cardiovascular and neuroendocrine effects of a high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia (100 micrograms/kg body weight) were compared with those of a balanced type of fentanyl anaesthesia (5 micrograms kg-1) during upper abdominal surgery. High-dose fentanyl anaesthesia prevented the increase in catecholamine concentrations and attenuated the circulatory response to surgical stress seen in the group anaesthetized with the balanced technique of anaesthesia.

Multiple mRNAs are generated from the chicken lysozyme gene.

We have determined the DNA sequence of a 770 bp Pst 1 fragment containing 450 nucleotides of the 5' flanking region of the chicken lysozyme gene. S1-nuclease mapping was performed to localize the 5' end of nuclear RNA containing lysozyme-specific sequences and of the mRNA. We present evidence that the 5' noncoding region of the chicken lysozyme mRNA is heterogeneous in length.

[Organization of genes (author's transl)].

The organization of genes of animal cells is discussed. The genes for 5S-RNA, rRNA and for histones are examples of the organization of repetitive genes. The interruptions of the coding sequence of the mouse beta-globin gene illustrates the split nature of many eukaryotic genes.

Chicken lysozyme gene contains several intervening sequences.

The organization of the chicken lysozyme gene and its neighboring sequences was examined by a comparison of the restriction map of the lysozyme structural gene with the map of the lysozyme gene in genomic DNA. Chicken DNA was cleaved with restriction endonucleases and the DNA fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. After transfer of the fragments onto nitrocellulose filters, those fragments that contain lysozyme mRNA sequences were detected by hybridization of the filters to labeled probes generated from pls-1, a recombinant plasmid carrying the lysozyme structural gene.

Transcription of the chicken ovalbumin and conalbumin gene during early secondary induction with estrogens.

Estrogens stimulate the rate of transcription of the ovalbumin and conalbumin gene in the chicken oviduct. The synthesis of ovalbumin and conalbumin mRNA was studied in isolated nuclei. RNA synthesized in vitro was distinguished from preexisting nuclear RNA by affinity labeling the in vitro products with a mercurated nucleotide and subsequent purification of the Hg-RNA on SH-agarose.

Cloning of chicken lysozyme structural gene sequences synthesized in vitro.

Double-stranded chicken lysozyme cDNA was synthesized from an oviduct mRNA fraction enriched for lysozyme mRNA. The ds-cDNA was inserted into the BamHI site of plasmid pBR322 using chemically synthesized DNA linker molecules containing the BamHI restriction endonuclease cleavage site. After bacterial transformation, colonies carrying lysozyme DNA were identified by hybridization with highly purified lysozyme cDNA.