Plasma lipids and lipoproteins and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in the very elderly. The Bronx Aging Study.

The Bronx Aging Study is a 10-year prospective investigation of very elderly volunteers (mean age at study entry, 79 years; range, 75-85 years) designed to assess risk factors for dementia and coronary and cerebrovascular (stroke) diseases. Entry criteria included the absence of terminal illness and dementia. All subjects (n = 350) included in this report had at least two lipid and lipoprotein determinations.

Serum lipids and lipoproteins in advanced age. Intraindividual changes.

The Bronx Aging Study is a longitudinal investigation of nondemented, nonterminally ill, community-residing, old old volunteer subjects, designed to assess risk factors for the development of dementia and coronary and cerebrovascular diseases. During the first five annual evaluations, total cholesterol, high-density (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride levels were measured. Mean cholesterol values (+/- standard error of the mean) for subjects at baseline were significantly higher for women than for men.

Development of dementing illnesses in an 80-year-old volunteer cohort.

We have prospectively followed over a 5-year period 434 volunteers who were at intake ambulatory, functional, presumably nondemented, and between 75 and 85 years of age. Fifty-six (an incidence of 3.53 per 100 person-years at risk) developed a progressive dementia: 32 met diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) (an incidence of 2.

High-density lipoprotein subclasses in diabetes.

This cross-sectional study evaluated high-density lipoprotein subclasses measured by a precipitation technique before and after treatment in men and women with types I and II diabetes. Total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in subjects of both sexes with untreated type I and type II diabetes, the change occurring primarily in subclass 2. Insulin therapy raised total and subclass 2 high-density lipoprotein levels in men and women with type I and type II diabetes, the predominant rise occurring in subclass 2.

The effect of glipizide on HDL and HDL subclasses.

The effects of glipizide on HDL subclass levels were prospectively evaluated in 7 women and 2 men with non-insulin dependent (Type 2) diabetes. Total HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 levels were unchanged during the treatment period. Baseline HDL levels were lower when compared to a control population which may have been due to the elevated body weight present in most subjects.

Separation and quantitation of subclasses of human plasma high density lipoproteins by a simple precipitation procedure.

Studies in recent years have suggested that measurement of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses may provide significant information beyond that provided by measurement of total HDL. However, conventional methodology for separation of HDL subclasses involves various types of ultracentrifugation that are time-consuming, costly, and not suitable for many clinical or epidemiological studies. We have developed a simple precipitation method for the separation of HDL subclasses in human plasma.

The clinical significance of the plasma high density lipoproteins.

The consistent body of evidence supporting a relationship between high density lipoproteins and coronary heart disease is examined. However, an actual causal relationship has yet to be demonstrated. Methods of measuring HDL are presented and the difficulties with clinical measurement and evaluation are explored.

Biochemical and morphologic studies on diabetic rats: effects of sucrose-enriched diet in rats with pancreatic islet transplants.

Isolated pancreatic islets were administered to Lewis rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Then the rats were fed either a semisynthetic diet containing 60% (wt/wt) sucrose for 3 weeks or were continued on chow. Transplantation resulted in a decrease in serum glucose, an increase in serum insulin, and a marked decrease in serum triacylglycerol, particularly in the sucrose-fed diabetic rats.

Hydrolase activities in the rat aorta. III. Effects of regular swimming activity and its cessation.

It is possible that one of the consequences of regular physical activity could be a change of vascular metabolism. We studied the effects of regular swimming activity on specific activities of aortic hydrolases of male rats. Enzymes included: neutral alpha-glucosidase and lysosomal beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, cathepsin C, acid alpha-glucosidase, and acid cholesteryl esterase.

Apoproteins of high density lipoproteins in the urine of normal subjects.

Apoproteins of high density lipoproteins were detected in the urine of normal subjects after the urinary proteins were highly concentrated. By immunoelectrophoresis, all of the urinary apoproteins gave precipitin lines with similar electrophoretic mobility. This suggests that the various apoproteins are present in the same particle.

Analysis of rat serum apolipoproteins by isoelectric focusing. I. Studies on the middle molecular weight subunits.

Analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF) has been applied to the study of the apolipoprotein components of rat serum high density and very low density lipoproteins. The apolipoproteins were separated on 7.5% polyacrylamide gels containing 6.

Analysis of rat serum apolipoproteins by isoelectric focusing. II. Studies on the low molecular weight subunits.

The low molecular weight proteins of rat apo HDL and apo VLDL have been isolated and analyzed by the technique of isoelectric focusing. Sephadex fractions from apo HDL (HS-3) and apo VLDL (VS-3) that contain these proteins reveal three major bands with apparent isoelectric points of pH 4.50, 4.

Effect of dietary fat on pancreatic lipase levels in the rat.

The effect of dietary fat on levels of lipase and other enzymes in rat pancreas has been studied. It was possible to raise levels of lipase in animals by supplementing their commercial chow diet with added fat or by raising the level of fat in semipurified diets from 4% to 22%. Pancreatic amylase levels decreased in rats fed the high fat diets, whereas levels of chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen were unaffected.

Effect of the stress of unilateral adrenalectomy on the depletion of individual cholesteryl esters in the rat adrenal.

Normal rats were subjected to unilateral adrenalectomy and were killed 3 hr later. The concentration and composition of the cholesteryl esters in adrenals removed at operation and after death were compared. The esterified cholesterol concentration was lower in the adrenals obtained 3 hr after surgery.

Purification of rat pancreatic lipase.

A procedure for the isolation of lipase (glycerolester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.

Turnover of cholesteryl esters of plasma lipoproteins in the rat.

Turnover of individual classes of cholesteryl esters (classified on the basis of the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid moiety) in rat plasma lipoproteins and liver was studied after the administration of mevalonic acid-5-(3)H and mevalonic acid-2-(14)C. The relative turnover rate was greatest in the d < 1.019 lipoproteins, with monoenes > saturated = dienes > tetraenes.