'That's kind of under my work blanket'-redeployment experiences of children's hospital staff during the covid-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study.

Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, a rapid readjustment to continued delivery of healthcare was required. Redeployment is an intentional process to mobilise human resources by reassigning a healthcare worker to a new role or new work location, to achieve sustainable delivery of patient care. We report redeployment experiences of staff from a specialist children's hospital during first and second waves of the United Kingdom COVID-19 pandemic.

Developing and testing a toolkit of interventions to improve adherence to non-invasive ventilation in children: the SPIRITUS study protocol.

Introduction: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is a known effective and safe treatment for children and young people with sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Adherence can be challenging and poor adherence risks undertreatment of SDB. While the risk factors for non-adherence have been widely reported, very few interventions have been tested in any capacity to address barriers to adherence.

Routine use of patient-reported experience and outcome measures for children and young people: a scoping review.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) measure people's views of their health status whereas patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) are questionnaires measuring perceptions of their experience whilst receiving healthcare. PROMs/PREMs have the potential to enable children and young people (CYP) to be involved in decisions about their care and improve the quality of their care but it is not clear how often PROMs/PREMs are incorporated as part of standard care of CYP in the hospital setting. The aims of this scoping review were to understand the extent of the literature and map available evidence on the use, benefits, barriers and facilitators of PROMs/PREMs as part of standard care and treatment of CYP in hospitals.

A systematic scoping review exploring variation in practice in specimen mammography for Intraoperative Margin Analysis in Breast Conserving Surgery and the role of artificial intelligence in optimising diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose: Specimen Mammography (SM) is commonly used in Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS) for intraoperative margin analysis. A systematic scoping review was conducted to identify sources of methodological variation in Specimen Mammography Interpretation (SMI) and assess the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to optimise Diagnostic Accuracy (DA).

Methods: Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane and web of science databases were searched.

Survey of international pediatric nutritional supportive care practices: a report from the Pediatric Study Group of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC).

Purpose: Malnutrition is common in children with cancer. While multiple validated malnutrition screens exist, there is no universal, standardized approach to screen or diagnose malnutrition. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Pediatric Study Group is focused on oncologic supportive care for children and young adults.

Integration of patient and public involvement in a doctoral research study using the research cycle.

Background: Patient and public involvement (PPI) in research is widely acknowledged as essential to achieving successful and impactful research. Despite this acknowledgement, there are limited reports on how to approach and apply meaningful PPI throughout the research cycle and how to address challenges for researchers such as doctoral students, particularly when undertaking research on sensitive topics. This paper provides insights and examples for researchers new to PPI, on the impact of active PPI and recommendations for building and developing a PPI group in a paediatric focused doctoral research study with bereaved parents and carers.

Novel WRN Helicase Inhibitors Selectively Target Microsatellite-Unstable Cancer Cells.

Microsatellite-unstable (MSI) cancers require WRN helicase to resolve replication stress due to expanded DNA (TA)n dinucleotide repeats. WRN is a promising synthetic lethal target for MSI tumors, and WRN inhibitors are in development. In this study, we used CRISPR-Cas9 base editing to map WRN residues critical for MSI cells, validating the helicase domain as the primary drug target.

Designing, Developing, and Testing a Chatbot for Parents and Caregivers of Children and Young People With Rheumatological Conditions (the IMPACT Study): Protocol for a Co-Designed Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: Pediatric rheumatology is a term that encompasses over 80 conditions affecting different organs and systems. Children and young people with rheumatological chronic conditions are known to have high levels of mental health problems and therefore are at risk of poor health outcomes. Clinical psychologists can help children and young people manage the daily difficulties of living with one of these conditions; however, there are insufficient pediatric psychologists in the United Kingdom.

CAnceR IN PreGnancy (CARING) - a retrospective study of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy in the United Kingdom.

Background: The incidence of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is increasing. Data relating to investigation and management, as well as maternal and foetal outcomes is lacking in a United Kingdom (UK) population.

Methods: In this retrospective study we report data from 119 patients diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy from 14 cancer centres in the UK across a five-year period (2016-2020).

Admissions to paediatric medical wards with a primary mental health diagnosis: a systematic review of the literature.

Objective: To systematically review the literature describing children and young people (CYP) admissions to paediatric general wards because of primary mental health (MH) reasons, particularly in MH crisis.

Design: PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched, with no restriction on country or language. We addressed five search questions to inform: trends and/or the number of admissions, the risk factors for adverse care, the experiences of CYP, families/carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) and the evidence of interventions aimed at improving the care during admissions.

Skin cancer in renal transplant recipients: outcomes from a safety net hospital in Boston.

Background: Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are prone to skin cancer due to the immunosuppression required to maintain graft function. Existing studies of skin cancer in RTRs focus on patients with Fitzpatrick skin types I-II, with limited documentation of incidence in skin types III-VI. This study seeks to better characterize skin cancers in RTRs with skin types III-VI.

A hypothetical protein controlled by the type I-C CRISPR-Cas system is a novel adhesin important in virulence.

The ability of many human pathogens to infect requires their ability to adhere to the host surfaces as a first step in the process. a keystone oral pathogen uses adhesins to adhere to the surface of the gingival epithelium and other members of the oral microbiome. In a previous study, we identified several proteins potentially linked to virulence whose mRNA levels are regulated by CRISPR-Cas type I-C.

The CoREST repressor complex mediates phenotype switching and therapy resistance in melanoma.

Virtually all patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma develop resistance to MAPK inhibitors largely through nonmutational events. Although the epigenetic landscape is shown to be altered in therapy-resistant melanomas and other cancers, a specific targetable epigenetic mechanism has not been validated. Here, we evaluated the corepressor for element 1-silencing transcription factor (CoREST) epigenetic repressor complex and the recently developed bivalent inhibitor corin within the context of melanoma phenotype plasticity and therapeutic resistance.

Mental Health Admissions to Paediatric Wards Study (MAPS): a protocol for the analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data.

Introduction: Children and young people (CYP) presenting with a mental health (MH) crisis are frequently admitted to general acute paediatric wards as a place of safety. Prior to the pandemic, a survey in England showed that CYP occupied 6% of general paediatric inpatient beds due to an MH crisis, and there have been longstanding concerns about the quality of care to support these patients in this setting. Mental Health Admissions to Paediatric Wards Study aims to generate a theory of change (ToC) model to improve the quality of care for CYP admitted to acute paediatric services after presenting in a MH crisis.

The Impact of Specialist Care on Teenage and Young Adult Patient-Reported Outcomes in England: A BRIGHTLIGHT Study.

In England, health care policy promotes specialized age-appropriate cancer services for teenagers and young adults (TYA), for those aged 13-24 years at diagnosis. Specialist Principal Treatment Centers (PTCs) provide enhanced age-specific care for TYA, although many still receive all or some of their care in adult or children's cancer services. Our aim was to determine the patient-reported outcomes associated with TYA-PTC based care.

Mental Health Admissions to Paediatric Wards Study (MAPS): protocol of a prospective study of mental health admissions to paediatric wards in England using surveillance and qualitative methods.

Introduction: Children and young people (CYP) presenting with a mental health (MH) crisis are frequently admitted to general acute paediatric wards as a place of safety. Prior to the pandemic, a survey in England showed that CYP occupied 6% of general paediatric inpatient beds due to an MH crisis, and there have been longstanding concerns about the quality of care to support these patients in this setting. MAPS aims to generate a Theory of Change (ToC) model to improve the quality of care for CYP admitted to acute paediatric services after presenting with an MH crisis.

Transition of young people from children's into adults' services: what works for whom and in what circumstances - protocol for a realist synthesis.

Introduction: The process of transitioning young people from children's or adolescents' health services into adults' services is a crucial time in the lives and health of young people and has been reported to be disjointed rather than a process of preparation in which they are involved. Such transitions not only fail to meet the needs of young people and families at this time of significant change, but they may also result in a deterioration in health, or disengagement with services, which can have deleterious long-term consequences. Despite the wealth of literature on this topic, there has yet to be a focus on what works for whom, in what circumstances, how and why, in relation to young people transitioning from children's into adults' services, which this realist synthesis aims to address.

Experiences and Unmet Needs of Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of a Brain Tumor (Aged 15-39 Years): A Systematic Review and Meta-ethnography.

Background: Brain tumors account for 15% of all adolescent and young adult cancers, and survivors are at risk of ongoing late effects that can severely impact their ability to reach independence. Despite follow-up initiatives advocating a personalized approach, survivors continue to experience ongoing sequelae. A better understanding of the survivorship experience is required to ensure services are able to deliver personalized support.

What matters to you? Engaging with children in the James Lind Alliance Children's Cancer Priority Setting Partnership.

Background: Previous priority setting exercises have sought to involve children, but in the final reporting, it is evident that few children had been engaged through the process. A primary aim in the Children's Cancer Priority Setting Partnership was to find out from children what they want research to focus on. We report on our experience to inform methods of engagement with children in future James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnerships and similar exercises.

Being a child with intellectual disabilities in hospital: The need for an individualised approach to care.

Background: There is limited qualitative research focussed specifically on what it is like for children and young people with intellectual disabilities coming into hospital, with much of the evidence-base being about those with Autism Spectrum Condition or adults with intellectual disabilities.

Aim: To share rich detail of the emotional and physical impact on children and young people with intellectual disabilities of attending hospital, from their own and their parent's perspective.

Methods: Talking Mats interviews, sticker survey and photography with children and young people with intellectual disabilities, and in-depth interviews, hospital diaries and photography with their parents.

Shared decision-making experiences in child long-term ventilation: a systematic review.

Introduction: Recent decades have seen an increase in children receiving long-term ventilation. To ensure that long-term ventilation decisions incorporate the perspectives of stakeholders, it is vital that empirical evidence is gathered to substantiate frameworks and guidance on shared decision-making for long-term ventilation. This systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis aimed to clarify what shared decision-making constitutes in relation to long-term ventilation initiation for children and young people (<21 years).