Visible Light-Mediated Selective Synthesis of β-Amino Sulfide Scaffolds via Dual Role of -Iodosuccinimide.

The synthesis of β-amino sulfides is significant in organic chemistry. However, challenges such as achieving regioselectivity and the limited availability of starting materials remain unresolved. In this study, we present a visible light-mediated method for the selective synthesis of β-amino sulfide scaffolds.

Dielectrophoresis-Enhanced Microfluidic Device with Membrane Filter for Efficient Microparticle Concentration and Optical Detection.

This paper presents a novel microfluidic device that integrates dielectrophoresis (DEP) forces with a membrane filter to concentrate and trap microparticles in a narrow region for enhanced optical analysis. The device combines the broad particle capture capability of a membrane filter with the precision of DEP to focus particles in regions optimized for optical measurements. The device features transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) top electrodes on a glass substrate and gold (Au) bottom electrodes patterned on a small area of the membrane filter, with spacers to control the gaps between the electrodes.

IGZO-Based Electronic Device Application: Advancements in Gas Sensor, Logic Circuit, Biosensor, Neuromorphic Device, and Photodetector Technologies.

Metal oxide semiconductors, such as indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), have attracted significant attention from researchers in the fields of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) for decades. This interest is driven by their high electron mobility of over ~10 cm/V·s and excellent transmittance of more than ~80%. Amorphous IGZO (a-IGZO) offers additional advantages, including compatibility with various processes and flexibility making it suitable for applications in flexible and wearable devices.

3D meshwork architecture of the outer coat protein CotE: implications for bacterial endospore sporulation and germination.

Unlabelled: a Gram-positive aerobic bacterium commonly found in soil, food, and water, forms endospores that can withstand harsh environmental conditions. The endospores are encased in a protective spore coat consisting of multiple layers of proteins, among which, CotE serves as a crucial morphogenetic protein within the outer coat. In this study, we observed that the homotrimeric CotE protein underwent further oligomerization induced by Ca and was subsequently dissociated by dipicolinic acid, a compound released from the spore core during germination.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Microwave-Assisted Extract (MA-OHE) against DSS-Induced Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), including chronic colitis, is characterized by severe inflammation and oxidative stress in the colon. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of microwave-assisted extract (MA-OHE), prepared using water (WE) and water-methanol (WME) solvents, in a chronic colitis model in mice induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Chemical profiling using UV-vis, FTIR, and HPLC analyses revealed that WME contains significantly higher concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid compounds than WE.

Structural Diversity of Mitochondria in the Neuromuscular System across Development Revealed by 3D Electron Microscopy.

As an animal matures, its neural circuit undergoes alterations, yet the developmental changes in intracellular organelles to facilitate these changes is less understood. Using 3D electron microscopy and deep learning, the study develops semi-automated methods for reconstructing mitochondria in C. elegans and collected mitochondria reconstructions from normal reproductive stages and dauer, enabling comparative study on mitochondria structure within the neuromuscular system.

Narratives From Female Siblings of Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Photovoice Study on Identity and Growth Experiences in South Korea.

Background: This study sought a holistic understanding of lived experiences of individuals with a sibling who has intellectual and developmental disabilities using photovoice.

Methods: Seven adult female siblings of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities in South Korea engaged in six weekly photovoice sessions, including an orientation session, phototaking on participant-driven themes, and four group discussion sessions in which they shared their photos.

Results: Thirteen subthemes related to four primary themes highlighted their experiences.

Bone regeneration and biosorption patterns of different bone substitutes: an study in rabbit skulls.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the bone regeneration and biosorption patterns of different bone substitutes in a rabbit skull defect model.

Methods: Four circular 8 mm-defects were created in the cranium of 12 New Zealand white rabbits, each weighing approximately 3 kg. Each defect was randomly assigned to one of 4 treatment groups: cortical deproteinized porcine bone mineral (DPBM), cancellous DPBM, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with a 6:4 ratio of hydroxyapatite (HA) to β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) (TCP4), and BCP with a 2:8 ratio of HA to β-TCP (TCP8).

Reliability of partial-mouth periodontal examinations for diagnosing periodontal disease.

Purpose: This study investigated the reliability of partial-mouth periodontal examinations (PMPEs) for 1) identifying the presence of periodontitis, 2) staging periodontal disease, and 3) reflecting mean clinical parameters.

Methods: All patients were diagnosed using 8 different exam types: (A) full-mouth periodontal examination (FMPE), (B) Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) codes, (C) panoramic radiographs only, (D) clinical parameters only, (E) 6 teeth, including the first molar (#11, #16, #26, #31, #36, #46), (F) CPITN index teeth (#11, #16, #17, #26, #27, #31, #36, #37, #46, #47), (G) Ramfjord teeth (#16, #21, #24, #36, #41, #44), and (H) 10 modified Ramfjord teeth, including all first premolars and first molars (#16, #14, #21, #24, #26, #36, #34, #41, #44, #46). Case definitions were established according to the criteria outlined in the 2018 American Academy of Periodontology/European Federation of Periodontology classification of periodontal diseases.

Modified tunnel technique with and without enamel matrix derivative for deep and narrow gingival recession in the mandibular anterior region: a 3-year longitudinal and retrospective cohort population-based study.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the 3-year predictability and validity of the modified tunnel technique, both with and without the use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), for treating deep and narrow gingival recession defects (GRDs) in the mandibular anterior region.

Methods: Overall, 31 GRDs were treated using the modified tunnel technique combined with subepithelial connective tissue graft. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: one with the adjunctive use of EMD (n=16) and the other without EMD (n=15).

Nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance for uncomplicated cystitis in 2023: Conducted by the Korean Association of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation.

Purpose: This study aimed to report the results of Korean Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (KARMS) for uncomplicated cystitis (UC) in 2023.

Materials And Methods: KARMS was established for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections with the cooperation of Korean nationwide medical centers. Data from patients with UC have been collected in the web-based KARMS database.

Risk-adapted scoring model to identify candidates benefiting from adjuvant chemotherapy after radical nephroureterectomy for localized upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: A multicenter study.

Purpose: Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is recommended for muscle-invasive or lymph node-positive upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). However, disease recurrences are frequently observed in pT1 disease, and AC may increase the risk of overtreatment in pT2 UTUC patients. This study aimed to validate a risk-adapted scoring model for selecting UTUC patients with ≤pT2 disease who would benefit from AC.

Carbon footprints in the urologic field: From diagnosis to surgery.

Climate change and its effects on society represent an increasingly critical concern. The healthcare industry contributes substantially to carbon emissions and bears responsibility for managing its environmental impact. This review examines recent progress, challenges, and future prospects in reducing the carbon footprint of diagnostic urology without compromising patient care, with particular emphasis on imaging.

Cellular and molecular contractile function in aged human skeletal muscle is altered by phosphate and acidosis and partially reversed with an ATP analog.

Skeletal muscle fatigue occurs, in part, from accumulation of hydrogen (H) and phosphate (P); however, the molecular basis through which these ions inhibit function is not fully understood. Therefore, we examined the effects of these metabolites on myosin-actin cross-bridge kinetics and mechanical properties in skeletal muscle fibers from older (65-75 years) adults. Slow-contracting myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and fast-contracting MHC IIA fibers were examined under control (5 mM P, pH 7.

Impact of HER2-Low Status on Pathologic Complete Response and Survival Outcome Among Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Purpose: This study analyzed the pathological complete response (pCR) rates, long-term outcomes, and biological features of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-zero, HER2-low, and HER2-positive breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment.

Methods: This single-center study included 1,667 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 2008 to 2014. Patients were categorized by HER2 status, and their clinicopathological characteristics, chemotherapy responses, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were analyzed.

The Incidence of Occult Malignancy in Contralateral Risk Reducing Mastectomy Among Affected Breast Cancer Gene Mutation Carriers in South Korea.

Purpose: Breast cancer gene () mutation is a well-known risk factor for breast cancer, and clinical interest in prophylactic mastectomy has increased in recent years. We investigated patients who were mutation carriers and underwent contralateral risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM), focusing on the incidence of occult malignancy after contralateral RRM.

Methods: Prospectively collected data of patients with breast cancer treated at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed.

North Carolina Head Start Teachers' Needs, Resources, Experiences, and Priority for Science Education and Professional Development.

Early science learning is a part of preschool curriculum that can have positive outcomes for children's scientific knowledge and interest. Head Start teachers are well positioned to implement quality science lessons. Through an in-depth needs assessment survey, the current study examined North Carolina preschool Head Start teachers' responses on needs, resources, experiences with professional development, and personal priority level for science education.

Clinicodemographic and Radiological Features of Infective Ring-Enhancing Brain Lesions: A 4-Year Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Referral Center.

Background: The diagnostic evaluation of ring-enhancing brain lesions (REBLs) is challenging, especially in immunocompromised patients. We conducted a retrospective study to describe the clinicodemographic and radiological features among patients presenting with REBLs to a tertiary referral center.

Methods: Radiological reports of all patients who underwent brain computed tomography or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging between 1 November 2013 and 31 October 2017 were filtered for terms indicative of REBLs.

Impaired cerebrospinal fluid circulation and cerebral lymphatic drainage in a rat model of chronic hydrocephalus.

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) not only protects the brain but also maintains homeostasis by removing metabolic waste produced by brain activity. This study hypothesizes that chronic CSF circulatory dysfunction, such as chronic hydrocephalus or normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), may be a critical condition in neurodegenerative diseases associated with metabolic waste accumulation. To investigate the CSF circulation and cerebral lymphatic drainage in a rat model of chronic hydrocephalus induced by kaolin injection, we performed time-dependent evaluations of intraparenchymal injection of tracers as well as intraventricular injection of Evans blue.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition allows a reliable proliferation assessment of small (≤20 mm) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.

Aim: Evidence regarding the reliability of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition (EUS-TA) for assessing histological proliferation and WHO grading of small (≤20 mm) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) is limited.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, we analyzed data from 122 patients with small PanNETs who underwent EUS-TA followed by surgical resection between 2006 and 2022. We compared the histopathological proliferation assessment and WHO grading between preoperative EUS-TA and surgical definitive specimens.

The Relationship Between Concurrent Preoperative Dry Eye Disease and Ascorbic Acid Levels and the Outcomes of Kerato-Lenticule Extraction Surgery.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of preoperative dry eye disease (DED) and ascorbic acid (AA) status on the outcomes of kerato-lenticule extraction (KLEx) surgery. The postoperative outcomes included visual and refractive parameters.

Method: A prospective, non-randomized controlled trial was conducted, and 68 patients who received KLEx surgery were included.

Oral administration of glycyrrhizic acid with intramuscular injection of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine enhances the adaptive immune system.

Background: Commercial foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines have several drawbacks, including a short duration of the immune response after vaccination and local adverse reactions at the vaccination site. Therefore, we developed a new vaccination strategy that simultaneously improves the health status of the host and stimulates systemic immunity by combining the oral administration of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and intramuscular injection of the FMD vaccine.

Methods: We evaluated the efficacy of the oral immune enhancer GA in conjunction with an intramuscular injection of the FMD vaccine.

Inhibitory effects of AptaminC320 targeting vitamin C on LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells.

Inflammation, a vital immune response, is regulated by macrophages. Key regulators of this response in macrophages are the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. This study explored the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin C and AptaminC320 in macrophages.

Comparing The Effectiveness of 10-Minute Dynamic Stretching, Vibration Rolling, and Climbing-Specific Warm-Ups on Exercise Performances in Rock Climbers.

The rise of sport climbing as a popular Olympic sport has underscored the need for optimal warm-up regimes, especially for rock climbers. This randomized, counterbalanced crossover study investigated the effects of dynamic stretching warm-up (DW) with Thera-Band, vibration rolling warm-up (VR), and climbing-specific warm-up (CW) on the flexibility, muscle strength, and dynamic stability of upper limbs in 22 recreational rock climbers without musculoskeletal diseases. Participants underwent each warm-up method in a randomized order.