antigen induced innate immune memory features mitochondrial biogenesis and can be inhibited by ovarian produced hormones.

We have previously identified that infection induces a unique form of myeloid training that protects male but not female mice from high fat diet induced disease. Here we demonstrate that ovarian derived hormones account for this sex specific difference. Ovariectomy of females prior to infection permits metabolic reprogramming of the myeloid lineage, with BMDM exhibiting carbon source flexibility for cellular respiration, and mice protected from systemic metabolic disease.

Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostic Tests and Liver Function Tests Among Patients With COVID-19 Diagnosed in Outpatient Settings Using Administrative Healthcare Data and Data From Commercial Laboratories.

Purpose: To characterize select laboratory tests ordered versus reported for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in administrative healthcare and commercial laboratory data.

Methods: Among patients with an outpatient COVID-19 diagnosis claim in HealthVerity data (01/01/2021-12/31/2022), this study described baseline characteristics and descriptively compared SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests and liver function tests from administrative healthcare (insurance claims and hospital billing data) and commercial laboratories, overall and by code type (e.g.

Resident synovial macrophages in synovial fluid: Implications for immunoregulation.

Resident synovial macrophages (RSMs) are anti-inflammatory, self-renewing macrophages that provide physical immune sequestration of the joint space from the peripheral immune system. Increased permeability of this structure is associated with peripheral immune cells in the synovial fluid (SF). Direct measures of synovial barrier integrity are possible with tissue histology, but after barrier breakdown, if these cells perpetuate or initiate chronic inflammation in SF remains unknown.

Community health workers supporting diverse family caregivers of persons with dementia: Preliminary qualitative results from a randomized home-based study.

Background And Objectives: Culturally diverse informal caregivers of community-dwelling persons with dementia face challenges in accessing dementia care resources due to language barriers and cultural stigmas surrounding dementia. This study presents the perceived intervention experiences of a home-based approach which considers the cultural and linguistic needs of diverse family caregivers in dementia care. The intervention model includes home visits by trained bilingual, non-licensed community health workers (CHWs) whose cultural histories and understandings reflect that of the caregivers.

Standard HIPAA Authorization Forms Decreased Response Rates for a Multi-site Pragmatic Trial.

Background: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) aims to safeguard patient information; however, complex legal language may lead to confusion and mistrust, and hinder enrollment in clinical trials.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a standard HIPAA authorization included in mailed survey packets on study enrollment for a multi-site pragmatic trial.

Design: This study is nested within an advance care planning pragmatic trial at 50 primary care clinics across three University of California (UC) Health Systems.

Establishing the Foundations of Emotional Intelligence in Care Companion Robots to Mitigate Agitation Among High-Risk Patients With Dementia: Protocol for an Empathetic Patient-Robot Interaction Study.

Background: An estimated 6.7 million persons are living with dementia in the United States, a number expected to double by 2060. Persons experiencing moderate to severe dementia are 4 to 5 times more likely to fall than those without dementia, due to agitation and unsteady gait.

B Cells Influence Encephalitogenic T Cell Frequency to Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG)38-49 during Full-length MOG Protein-Induced Demyelinating Disease.

Although T cells are encephalitogenic during demyelinating disease, B cell-depleting therapies are a successful treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis. Murine models of demyelinating disease utilizing myelin epitopes, such as myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55, induce a robust CD4 T cell response but mitigate the contribution of pathological B cells. This limits their efficacy for investigating how B cell depletion affects T cells.

Generation of antigen-specific memory CD4 T cells by heterologous immunization enhances the magnitude of the germinal center response upon influenza infection.

Current influenza vaccine strategies have yet to overcome significant obstacles, including rapid antigenic drift of seasonal influenza viruses, in generating efficacious long-term humoral immunity. Due to the necessity of germinal center formation in generating long-lived high affinity antibodies, the germinal center has increasingly become a target for the development of novel or improvement of less-efficacious vaccines. However, there remains a major gap in current influenza research to effectively target T follicular helper cells during vaccination to alter the germinal center reaction.

Conducting Comparative Effectiveness, Multisite Palliative Care and Advance Care Planning Trials: Lessons Learned and Future Directions From PCORI-Funded Studies.

The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) funded multiple large-scale comparative effectiveness clinical trials evaluating palliative care (PC) and advance care planning (ACP) healthcare delivery models. This article provides an overview of the most common barriers our investigative teams encountered while implementing these trials and the strategies we utilized to overcome these challenges, with particular attention to identifying research partners for multisite trials; addressing contracting and regulatory issues; creating a team governance structure; training and engaging study staff across sites; recruiting, consenting, and enrolling study participants; collecting PC and ACP data and study outcomes; and managing multisite collaborations. The goal of this article is to provide guidance on how to best plan for and conduct rigorous trials evaluating PC and ACP healthcare delivery interventions moving forward.

Maternal Helminth Infection Causes Dysfunctional B Cell Development in Male Offspring.

Infections during pregnancy are known to trigger alterations in offspring immunity, often leading to increased disease susceptibility. Maternal helminth infections correlate with lower Ab titers to certain childhood immunizations and putative decreased vaccine efficacy. The mechanisms that underlie how maternal infection blunts offspring humoral responses are unclear.

What Lies Beneath? The Role of Community Engagement in Translating COVID-19 Research Findings to Policy-Makers.

Background: Community engagement is key to developing local and context-specific strategies for the prevention and control of COVID-19. However, expedited research design and approval in the early days of the pandemic may have limited the opportunities for community members to influence pandemic-related research. In this study, we sought to understand how a Community Engagement Group (CEG) could impact a large longitudinal COVID-19 research project (Optimise), when involved solely in the interpretation and knowledge translation phases of the research.

Infertility care in an underserved population: A retrospective chart review of a resident-run clinic at an urban, public hospital.

Despite major advances in infertility services, barriers to care as well as disparities in outcomes remain a significant problem. The cost of treatment, lack of or inadequate coverage, and location of infertility clinics are obvious contributors, however, advanced pathology, coexistent medical conditions, and lack of preconception care also contribute to delay in fertility particularly in underserved communities. Previous studies have discussed the role of trainee-run clinics in lower socioeconomic populations in providing low-cost infertility evaluation and management.

Cesarean Scar Pregnancy With Surgical and Conservative Managements: A Case Report.

A cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. Proper diagnosis and management of CSP are incredibly important secondary to the risk of uterine rupture and life-threatening hemorrhage. Various medical and surgical management have been described previously.

A qualitative exploration of children's lives with rare diseases.

Background: Rare diseases encompass a diverse group of debilitating and sometimes life-threatening conditions that affect a small percentage of the population, posing a significant public health challenge. Despite their rarity, around 70% of these diseases afflict children, yet limited research has focused on their experiences. This study aimed to gain insights into the day-to-day challenges children living with rare diseases face.

Assessing Representativeness of Seriously Ill Patient Survey Responders in a Pragmatic Clinical Trial.

Objective: Pragmatic trials often implement an intervention across a population of patients but require information unavailable at the population level that must be reported by a subset of patients. In this pragmatic clinical trial, we compared characteristics of seriously ill patients with those who completed a survey evaluating advance care planning across 3 academic health systems.

Methods: A deliberate process including health system and external stakeholders and patients was used to design materials for and the approach to seriously ill patients.

Multiple Sclerosis and COVID-19: Health and healthcare access, health information and consumer co-created strategies for future access at times of crisis.

Background: Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) need regular access to medical services for optimal health outcomes. During the COVID-19 crisis, evidence indicated some detrimental health changes in persons with MS. Maintaining access to healthcare providers and healthcare information may minimise detrimental health changes during times of crisis.

Concordance Between Electronic Health Record-Recorded Race and Ethnicity and Patient Report in Emergency Department Patients.

Objective: We assessed the concordance of patient-reported race and ethnicity for emergency department (ED) patients compared with what was recorded in the electronic health record.

Methods: We conducted a single-center, prospective, observational study of 744 ED patients (English- and/or Spanish-speaking), asking them to describe their race and ethnicity. We compared the distributions of ethnicity and race between patient-reported and electronic health record data using McNemar's test.

A pioneering EMR-embedded digital health literacy tool reveals healthcare disparities for diverse older adults.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic transformed healthcare delivery with the rapid adoption of telehealth and digital technologies to access healthcare. Interventions are needed to ensure that older people in underserved communities do not face new technology-driven healthcare disparities. This article describes pioneering electronic medical record (EMR) embedded tools to assess and support each diverse patient's digital health literacy.

Acceptability and Feasibility of Initiating a Low Fat Eating Plan in Reproductive Aged Women with Obesity.

Adverse effects of obesity on reproduction are believed in part due to diet related factors leading to hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia. It is unknown whether administration of a low fat eating plan, regardless of weight loss, will improve reproductive axis function in women with obesity. To develop an acceptable and feasible low fat eating plan for a diverse group of reproductive aged women with obesity.

Bone scan findings of Paget's disease of bone in patients with VCP Multisystem Proteinopathy 1.

Multisystem Proteinopathy 1 (MSP1) disease is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the Valosin-Containing Protein (VCP) gene with clinical features of inclusion body myopathy (IBM), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Paget's disease of bone (PDB). We performed bone scan imaging in twelve patients (6 females, 6 males) with confirmed VCP gene mutation six (50%) of which has myopathy alone, four (33%) with both PDB and myopathy, and two (15%) were presymptomatic carriers. We aim to characterize the PDB in diagnosed individuals, and potentially identify PDB in the myopathy and presymptomatic groups.

Priority populations' experiences of isolation, quarantine and distancing for COVID-19: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study (Optimise Study).

Introduction: Longitudinal studies can provide timely and accurate information to evaluate and inform COVID-19 control and mitigation strategies and future pandemic preparedness. The Optimise Study is a multidisciplinary research platform established in the Australian state of Victoria in September 2020 to collect epidemiological, social, psychological and behavioural data from priority populations. It aims to understand changing public attitudes, behaviours and experiences of COVID-19 and inform epidemic modelling and support responsive government policy.

Sleep disturbances and interrelationship between persons with dementia and family caregivers: The lived experiences of Korean American Dyads.

Background: Little research has investigated sleep quality in dyadic interrelationships between persons with dementia (PWD) and family caregivers, particularly among immigrant ethnic minorities, such as Korean Americans.

Purpose: The study aimed to describe lived experiences of sleep disturbances and sleep interrelationships between Korean American PWD and their family caregivers.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative design used semi-structured interviews with cohabitating PWD-caregiver dyads.

Qualitative differences in perspective on children's quality of life between children with cerebral palsy and their parents.

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is one of the most common childhood disabilities, impacting many areas of a child's life. Increasingly, quality of life (QOL) measures are used to capture holistic wellbeing of children with CP. However most validated QOL measures for children are based on adult perspective only, with limited focus on child perspective.