Structurally and electronically driven uniaxial negative thermal expansion in BaIrO.

Negative thermal expansion is known to exist in a range of structure types but is extremely rare in hexagonal perovskites. Here we demonstrate that BaIrO displays negative linear thermal expansion in the direction of its face-shared IrO trimers, and apparent zero volume thermal expansion below 100 K. We present evidence that this anomalous thermal expansion is driven by an unusual form of rigid body phonon behaviour governed by the effective trimer valence state and therefore has structural and electronic components to the underlying mechanism.

Pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of Stepping Stones and Creating Futures Plus to reduce emotional dysregulation among young men in rural areas and urban informal settlements in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.

Aim: Emotional dysregulation (ED) - the difficulty to control emotional responses to stressors - is a potential driver of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among young men in HIV endemic resource-limited settings. This two-armed pilot cluster randomised controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of Stepping Stones and Creating Futures Plus (SSCF+), a participatory gender transformative and livelihood strengthening intervention, on the emotional dysregulation (ED) among young men in South Africa (SA).

Methods: A total of 163 young men ages 18 to 30 years were recruited in 30 clusters (friendship groups) in urban informal settlements and rural areas in KwaZulu-Natal, SA.

Morphology of the First Tarsometatarsal Joint and the Incidence of Arthritis and Post-operative Complications.

Introduction The first tarsometatarsal joint (TMTJ) is often overlooked regarding foot pathology or a secondary measure in most studies, despite its heavy involvement in surgical procedures and foot stability. The primary aim of this study is to assess the effect of the first TMTJ morphology on the incidence of arthritis and post-operative complications following a Lapidus procedure. Materials and methods A total of 39 feet/subjects (19 left and 20 right) were assessed by two independent reviewers.

Young Men's Experiences of Being Fathered and Absent Father's Experience: A Case Study from Urban Informal Settlements in South Africa.

The impact of absent fathers can be a significant challenge for young people, but particularly for young men. Our study drew on 19 in-depth interviews with young men living in urban informal settlements in South Africa, to understand how they understood the impact of biological father absence. Young men described an idealized fatherhood role in which biological fathers provided economic support, active fathering (including emotional support), and social recognition of children.

Nearly linear orbital molecules on a pyrochlore lattice.

The interplay of spin-orbit coupling with other relevant parameters gives rise to the rich phase competition in complex ruthenates featuring octahedrally coordinated Ru. While locally, spin-orbit coupling stabilizes a nonmagnetic = 0 state, intersite interactions resolve one of two distinct phases at low temperatures: an excitonic magnet stabilized by the magnetic exchange of upper-lying = 1 states or Ru molecular orbital dimers driven by direct orbital overlap. Pyrochlore ruthenates RuO ( = rare earth, Y) are candidate excitonic magnets with geometrical frustration.

A Genetic Study of Spillovers in the Bean Common Mosaic Subgroup of Potyviruses.

Nine viruses of the bean common mosaic virus subgroup of potyviruses are major international crop pathogens, but their phylogenetically closest relatives from non-crop plants have mostly been found only in SE Asia and Oceania, which is thus likely to be their "centre of emergence". We have compared over 700 of the complete genomic ORFs of the crop pandemic and the non-crop viruses in various ways. Only one-third of crop virus genomes are non-recombinant, but more than half the non-crop virus genomes are.

Evaluating the impacts of digital ECG denoising on the interpretive capabilities of healthcare professionals.

Aims: Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation is an essential skill across multiple medical disciplines; yet, studies have consistently identified deficiencies in the interpretive performance of healthcare professionals linked to a variety of educational and technological factors. Despite the established correlation between noise interference and erroneous diagnoses, research evaluating the impacts of digital denoising software on clinical ECG interpretation proficiency is lacking.

Methods And Results: Forty-eight participants from a variety of medical professions and experience levels were prospectively recruited for this study.

eYoung men's experiences of violence and poverty and the relationship to sexually transmissible HIV: a cross sectional study from rural South Africa.

Background: Young (ages 18-35 years) men are inadequately engaged in HIV prevention and treatment globally, including in South Africa, increasing the likelihood of them having sexually transmissible HIV (i.e. living with HIV but with high viral loads).

Thirty-five Years of Reporting of Sex and Race in Clinical Studies of U.S. FDA-Authorized Orthopaedic Devices.

Background: At the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the mission of the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) is to ensure that all patients and providers have timely and continued access to safe, effective, and high-quality medical devices and safe radiation-emitting products.

Evaluating the long-term outcomes from cochlear implant surgery for children with single and multiple additional needs.

Unlabelled: Cochlear implant surgery is a cornerstone in the treatment of severe to profound hearing impairment. Despite comprising a significant proportion of the deaf population, children with additional needs have only been included for cochlear implant candidacy in recent years. This paper aims to evaluate the long-term progress of children with additional needs post-implantation compared to children without additional and assess how this trend changes over time.

A case of biopsy-proven acute interstitial nephritis following atezolizumab-bevacizumab treatment of advanced unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represented a significant breakthrough in cancer therapy. Recently, the combined use of atezolizumab and bevacizumab was approved as first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exposure to a novel and diverse spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) has increased with the growing utilization of ICIs, however, a comprehensive understanding surrounding newer agents is still lacking.

Couples, alcohol use and experience of intimate partner violence among young women in urban informal settlements in Durban, South Africa: A mixed methods study.

Alcohol is recognized as a driver of intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and experience, but relatively little research has focused on the role of couples' drinking patterns, nor pathways between alcohol and violence. We draw on data collected among young (18-30 year old) people living in informal settlements who self-selected to enroll in an intervention trial to reduce IPV in Durban, South Africa to understand these dynamics. Between September 2015 and September 2016 quantitative data were collected from women, who reported on their own experiences of IPV and alcohol use, as well as their partner's own alcohol use.

"Good fathers": Community perceptions of idealized fatherhood and reported fathering behaviors in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Globally, perceptions of idealized fatherhood have been expanding beyond men's breadwinning roles to also value men's engagement in nurturing care. While fathers' caregiving behaviors are increasing, most childcare activities are still largely performed by mothers. In this study, we unpacked community members' beliefs about the meaning of "good fathers" and explored the degree to which these values aligned with the main caregiving behaviors reported about fathers with young children under age 2 years in Mwanza, Tanzania.

Circadian regulation of locomotion, respiration, and arousability in adult blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis).

The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, is an ectoparasitic arachnid and vector for infectious diseases, including Lyme borreliosis. Here, we investigate the diurnal activity and respiration of wild-caught and lab-reared adult ticks with long-term video recording, multi-animal tracking and high-resolution respirometry. We find male and female ticks are in a more active, more arousable state during circadian night.

"Something we can all share": Exploring the social significance of food insecurity for young people in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Food insecurity remains a pressing global issue and South Africa continues to face socioeconomic inequalities that make securing food a challenge for many young people. To address this challenge, we need better understanding of the social context of food and its importance in driving perceptions and behaviours about food and its scarcity. In this study, we examine the meaning of food for young people living in urban informal settlements and rural villages in KwaZulu-Natal, and investigate how they exert agency in the face of food insecurity.

Alterations in Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and Lateral Ventricle Differ in Rats Exposed to Space Radiation and Social Isolation.

The proposed Mars missions will expose astronauts to long durations of social isolation (SI) and space radiation (SR). These stressors have been shown to alter the brain's macrostructure and microenvironment, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Breakdown of the BBB is linked to impaired executive functions and physical deficits, including sensorimotor and neurocognitive impairments.

COVID-19-associated mortality in individuals with serious mental disorders in Sweden during the first two years of the pandemic- a population-based register study.

Background: Reports at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic suggested differences in COVID-19-associated mortality between individuals with serious mental disorders (SMD) and the population at large.

Aim: To compare the pattern of COVID-19-associated mortality in individuals with and without SMD in Sweden over the two main pandemic years.

Methods: We compared the pattern of COVID-19-associated mortality in individuals with and without SMD in Sweden during 2020 and 2021.