Estimating the accumulation and re-accumulation of commercial tobacco, electronic cigarette, and cannabis waste based on a stratified random sample of census blocks.

We investigated the amount and distribution of waste generated by commercial tobacco, electronic cigarette, and cannabis (TEC) use to inform policy options aimed at mitigating the environmental harm caused by these products. Using disproportionate stratified random sampling, we selected 60 census blocks from the eight largest cities in San Diego County, California. We twice surveyed publicly accessible areas in these blocks to quantify TEC waste accumulation and its re-accumulation.

Genetic factors regulating Plasmodium falciparum gametocytogenesis identified by phenotypic screens.

Successful transmission of Plasmodium falciparum from one person to another relies on the complete intraerythrocytic development of non-pathogenic sexual gametocytes infectious for anopheline mosquitoes. Understanding the genetic factors that regulate gametocyte development is vital for identifying transmission-blocking targets in the malaria parasite life cycle. Toward this end, we conducted a forward genetic study to characterize the development of gametocytes from sexual commitment to mature stage V.

Neighborhood Racial and Ethnic Composition Typology and Breast Cancer Risk: The Multiethnic Cohort Study.

Living in racially and ethnically segregated neighborhoods may increase the risk of breast cancer. We examined associations between neighborhood racial and ethnic composition typology and incident primary invasive breast cancer risk in a population-based sample of 102,615 African American/Black, Japanese American, Native Hawaiian, Latino, and White females residing in California and Hawaii from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) study between 1993-2019. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Aging alone (while Black): Living alone, loneliness, and health among older Black women.

Background And Objectives: Increasingly, Black women are aging alone. Yet information about health correlates and the residential context where older Black women are aging-in-place is lacking. The current study examines one aspect of Aging While Black that impacts Black women - living alone without close family or kin in the household among a sample of older Black women (N = 890).

Barriers to Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Comparison of High-Poverty and Low-Poverty Communities.

Objective: Our aim was to determine the most significant barriers to total joint arthroplasty (TJA) for people living in high-poverty communities relative to low-poverty communities.

Methods: We created a 21-question survey based on interviews with underrepresented minority patients with osteoarthritis targeting five barriers to TJA: trust in surgeon, recovery concerns, cost and/or insurance issues, fear of poor surgical outcomes, and timing considerations. Participants rated the importance of each barrier on a 5-point Likert scale, dichotomized into "very or extremely important" and "not as important.

How emergency departments are responding to the opioid crisis: Results from a statewide survey in Kentucky.

Objective: There is a rising effort for hospital emergency departments (EDs) to offer and expand substance use disorder (SUD) services. This state-wide evaluation studies SUD services offered along the continuum of implementation across Kentucky's EDs to inform future state efforts to build ED bridge programs.

Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods study using an online survey of all Kentucky Emergency Department Directors between January and May of 2023.

UK Foot and Ankle Thromboembolism (UK-FATE).

Aims: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a potential complication of foot and ankle surgery. There is a lack of agreement on contributing risk factors and chemical prophylaxis requirements. The primary outcome of this study was to analyze the 90-day incidence of symptomatic VTE and VTE-related mortality in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery and Achilles tendon (TA) rupture.

A case of the Abernethy malformation: An exceptionally rare clinical entity.

I review a case of a 30-year-old woman who presented with diarrhea, nausea and vomiting for several days. She was ultimately diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis but was incidentally found to have a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt, also known as the Abernethy malformation. The Abernethy malformation, first described by Dr John Abernethy in the year 1793, is an exceptionally rare clinical entity.

Relation between Deese-Roediger-Mcdermott recall measures of false memory and the fading affect bias.

The fading affect bias (FAB) is the faster fading of unpleasant affect than pleasant affect for autobiographical event memories, and it is considered a healthy coping mechanism because it is positively related to healthy measures (e.g., self-esteem and positive PANAS), whereas it is negatively related to unhealthy measures (e.

In-Person and Online Studies Examining the Influence of Problem Solving on the Fading Affect Bias.

The fading affect bias (FAB) occurs in autobiographical memory when unpleasant emotions fade faster than pleasant emotions and the phenomenon appears to be a form of emotion regulation. As emotion regulation is positively related to problem solving, the current study examined FAB in the context of problem solving. In-person and online studies asked participants to provide basic demographics, describe their problem-solving abilities, and rate various healthy and unhealthy variables, including emotional intelligence and positive problem-solving attitudes.

Citizen science: Development of a low-cost magnetometer system for a coordinated space weather monitoring.

As part of Ham Radio Science Citizen Investigation (HamSCI) Personal Space Weather Station (PSWS) project, a low-cost, commercial off-the-shelf magnetometer has been developed to provide quantitative and qualitative measurements of the geospace environment from the ground for both scientific and operational purposes at a cost that will allow for crowd-sourced data contributions. The PSWS magnetometers employ a magneto-inductive sensor technology to record three-axis magnetic field variations with a field resolution of 3 nT at a 1 Hz sample rate. The measurement range of the sensor is nT) and is valid over a temperature range of -40 °C to +85 °C.

Potential types of bias when estimating causal effects in environmental research and how to interpret them.

To inform environmental policy and practice, researchers estimate effects of interventions/exposures by conducting primary research (e.g., impact evaluations) or secondary research (e.

Germline variant profiling of CHEK2 sequencing variants in breast cancer patients.

The cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) is a tumor suppressor gene coding for a protein kinase with a role in the cell cycle and DNA repair pathways. Variants within CHEK2 are associated with an increased risk of developing breast, colorectal, prostate and several other types of cancer. Comprehensive genetic risk assessment leads to early detection of hereditary cancer and provides an opportunity for better survival.

Enriching developmental science from the Global South: Contributions from Latin America.

Knowledge from the Global South, including Latin America, has enriched our understanding of developmental science. Despite underrepresentation in the published literature, research from Latin America has advanced the psychology of parenting and child and adolescent development. An ecological approach is valuable in adding meaning and specificity to general cultural clusters and has revealed how responsibility, lovingness, and respect are enacted in the everyday lives of families and children.

A Randomized-Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of a Web Tutorial on Perceptions and Usage of Opioids Post-Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a web tutorial on perceptions of pain management and usage of opioids after carpal tunnel release surgery (post-CTR).

Methods: A web tutorial was developed by the authors, and patients were consented and enrolled if they were over the age of 18 years, could speak and understand English, and were having CTR. Patients were randomized to either view or not view the web tutorial before surgery, and all patients took a 19-question online survey approximately 2 weeks after surgery to assess their views on pain management and their self-reported opioid usage.

No Difference in 10-year Clinical or Radiographic Outcomes Between Kinematic and Mechanical Alignment in TKA: A Randomized Trial.

Background: There is continuing debate about the ideal philosophy for component alignment in TKA. However, there are limited long-term functional and radiographic data on randomized comparisons of kinematic alignment versus mechanical alignment.

Questions/purposes: We present the 10-year follow-up findings of a single-center, multisurgeon randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing these two alignment philosophies in terms of the following questions: (1) Is there a difference in PROM scores? (2) Is there a difference in survivorship free from revision or reoperation for any cause? (3) Is there a difference in survivorship free from radiographic loosening?

Methods: Ninety-nine patients undergoing primary TKA for osteoarthritis were randomized to either the mechanical alignment (n = 50) or kinematic alignment (n = 49) group.