Italian Oncological Pain Survey (IOPS): a multicentre Italian study of breakthrough pain performed in different settings.

Objective: A survey of breakthrough pain (BTP) was performed in five palliative care units (PCU), seven oncology departments (ONC), and nine pain clinics (OPC).

Methods: A standard algorithm was used to confirm the diagnosis of BTP of patients refereed to different settings.

Results: 1,412 evaluable cancer patients were enrolled.

[Management of pain from osteoporotic vertebral fractures with continuous intrathecal administration of morphine].

Unlabelled: Vertebral fractures are the most common consequences of severe osteoporosis. The chronic pain from collapse of osteoporotic vertebrae affects quality of life and autonomy of patients. The management of pain with oral or transdermal opiates can cause severe side-effects.