Endometriosis-Related Ovarian Cancers: Evidence for a Dichotomy in the Histogenesis of the Two Associated Histotypes.

Evidence indicates that different pathways of malignant degeneration underlie the development of endometriosis-associated ovarian tumors of endometrioid and clear cell histotypes. The aim of this study was to compare data from patients affected by these two histotypes to investigate the hypothesis of a dichotomy in the histogenesis of these tumors. Clinical data and tumor characteristics of 48 patients who were diagnosed with either pure clear cell ovarian cancer and mixed endometrioid-clear cell ovarian cancer arising from endometriosis (ECC, = 22) or endometriosis-associated endometrioid ovarian cancer (EAEOC, = 26) were compared.

Menopause: a trigger for simultaneous development of ulcerative colitis in sigmoid neovagina and residual colorectum?

Vaginoplasty using sigmoid colon is a common technique used for the creation of a neovagina. However, the risk of adverse neovaginal bowel events is a common mentioned disadvantage. We report the case of a woman submitted to intestinal vaginoplasty for Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) Syndrome at the age of 24 years who, with the onset of menopause, developed blood-stained vaginal discharge.

Role of Machine Learning (ML)-Based Classification Using Conventional F-FDG PET Parameters in Predicting Postsurgical Features of Endometrial Cancer Aggressiveness.

Purpose: to investigate the preoperative role of ML-based classification using conventional F-FDG PET parameters and clinical data in predicting features of EC aggressiveness.

Methods: retrospective study, including 123 EC patients who underwent F-FDG PET (2009-2021) for preoperative staging. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmean, metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were computed on the primary tumour.

Locally Performed HRD Testing for Ovarian Cancer? Yes, We Can!

Assessment of HRD status is now essential for ovarian cancer patient management. A relevant percentage of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is characterized by HRD, which is caused by genetic alterations in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway. Recent trials have shown that not only patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, but also /HRD patients, are sensitive to PARPis and platinum therapy.

A prospective, observational study of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage on follicular reserve and maturation.

Background: Chemotherapy negatively affects gonadal function, often resulting in premature ovarian failure (POF) due to ovarian reserve depletion. Mechanisms of gonadotoxicity, such as primordial follicle overactivation and "burnout", remain to be established. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) before treatment plays an important role in safeguarding fertility.

Low-Malignant Schwannoma of the Cervix in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Systematic Review.

Primary cervical melanocytic schwannomas, arising from the sympathetic chain, are very rare pigmented neural sheath tumors that, both grossly and clinically, are often misdiagnosed with other more frequent lesions of the uterine cervix. Literature review accounts for seventeen published cases of schwannomas of the cervix, ten of which are malignant and seven benign. Pathological examination with immunostaining techniques is essential for the correct diagnosis of these tumors.

Surveillance alone in stage I malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: a MITO (Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian cancer) prospective observational study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the oncological outcome of stage I malignant ovarian germ cell tumors patients included in the MITO-9 study to identify those who might be recommended routine surveillance alone after complete surgical staging.

Methods: MITO-9 was a prospective observational study analyzing data collected between January 2013 and December 2019. Three groups were identified: group A included 13 patients stage IA dysgerminoma and IAG1 immature teratoma; group B included 29 patients with stage IB-C dysgerminomas, IA-C G2-G3 immature teratomas and stage IA mixed malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and yolk sac tumors; and group C included five patients (two patients with stage IC1 and one patient with stage IC2 yolk sac tumors and two patients with mixed-stage IC2 malignant ovarian germ cell tumors).

Stage I juvenile granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: A multicentre analysis from the MITO-9 study.

Objective: Juvenile type granulosa cell tumor (JGCTs) are extremely rare, mainly diagnosed in young women and pre-pubertal girls at stage I disease. Literature is scanty and guidelines regarding the optimal management are still controversial. The aim of this study is to add on the experience of the MITO group (Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian Cancer).

Cervix neuroendocrine carcinoma presenting with severe hypokalemia and Cushing's syndrome.

Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix are very rare, accounting for only 1-2% of all cervical cancers and <1% of all neuroendocrine tumors. Small-cell carcinoma of the cervix is associated with poor prognosis, even in early stages. Despite their neuroendocrine origin, tumors presenting with syndromes due to secreted neuroendocrine hormones are extremely rare.

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a woman with bilateral ovarian serous borderline tumour: Potential interactions between the two diseases.

We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with peritoneal malignant mesothelioma and no previous exposure to asbestos with a diagnosis of bilateral ovarian serous borderline tumour with peritoneal implants one year before. We discuss the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings to explain possible and potential interactions between the two diseases. To our knowledge, the association of both serous borderline ovarian tumour and malignant peritoneal mesothelioma has never been described before in the same woman and in such a tight temporal connection.

Fertility Preservation in Endometriosis Patients: Anti-Müllerian Hormone Is a Reliable Marker of the Ovarian Follicle Density.

Objective: To analyze the ovarian reserve measurement of follicular density and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in endometriosis patients participating to a clinical program of cortical ovarian cryopreservation.

Design: Retrospective analysis of serum AMH levels and prospective investigation of ovarian follicle number.

Setting: University Hospital.

5-Hydroxytyrosol inhibits HIV-1 replication in primary cells of the lower and upper female reproductive tract.

We investigated the potential anti-HIV-1 activity of the candidate microbicide 5-hydroxytyrosol (5-HT) both in primary human cervical tissue explants (CTE), established from tissues of women undergoing histerectomy, and in endometrium-associated leukocytes (EAL). CTE were exposed to either the laboratory-adapted HIV-1 or to primary viral isolates in the presence or absence of 5-HT or 3TC/lamivudine as control and were then monitored for 12 days in terms of HIV-1 p24 Gag antigen production in culture supernatants. HIV-1 replication was also evaluated in EAL by reverse transcriptase (RT) activity.

Different Patterns of Disease Spread between Advanced-Stage Type I and II Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.

Background And Aims: Two types of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) have been recently distinguished. Type I comprises low-grade serous, endometrioid and clear-cell tumors. High-grade endometrioid and serous tumors belong to type II.

Characteristics of clear cell ovarian cancer arising from endometriosis: a two center cohort study.

Objective: Endometrioid and clear cell ovarian tumors have been referred to as "endometriosis associated ovarian cancers". However, very few studies have compared clinical and prognostic features of endometriosis-associated cancers or cancers not associated with endometriosis according to specific histotypes. We have investigated clinical and histological features of the largest published series of clear cell ovarian cancers arising in endometriosis using a retrospective database.

Endometriosis-associated tumor at the inguinal site: report of a case diagnosed during pregnancy and literature review.

Malignant degeneration of endometriosis in the inguinal region is rare, and has only been reported in six cases in the literature, none of which was detected during pregnancy. We present the first case of endometriosis-associated adenocarcinoma in the inguinal region in a 34-year-old woman who was 35 weeks' pregnant. The tumor rapidly grew in the last 2 months of pregnancy as a left inguinal painful mass.

Unraveling the two entities of endometrioid ovarian cancer: a single center clinical experience.

Objective: Due to the increasing prevalence of the benign condition, ovarian carcinoma arising from endometriosis is emerging as a relevant clinical entity with an unclear biological signature. We have investigated clinical and histologic features of endometriosis-associated endometrioid ovarian cancer using an institutional retrospective database.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with endometrioid ovarian cancer at our institution were divided into two groups according to the fulfillment or not of Sampson's and Scott's criteria for the detection of endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer.

Treatment of recurrent or metastatic low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma: three case reports.

Background: The treatment of recurrent or metastatic low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS) is still controversial. Recurrent disease mainly develops in the lung or in the pelvis. When the evidence of extrauterine tumor extension exists, debulking is recommended.

Extralesional detection and load of human papillomavirus DNA: a possible marker of preclinical tumor spread in cervical cancer.

Objective: Because the interaction between viral DNA products and cellular regulatory mechanisms is the first step leading to cancerous transformation, the detection of its presence in histologically negative lymph nodes may represent a very early biological step in cancer spread. The quantitative estimate may represent and an indirect sign of active cellular replication.

Materials And Methods: Cervical and lymph nodes tissues of 13 cases of invasive cervical cancer were analyzed for human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA presence and viral load by HPV typing and quantification by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

IFN-gamma produced by human papilloma virus-18 E6-specific CD4+ T cells predicts the clinical outcome after surgery in patients with high-grade cervical lesions.

Cervical neoplastic lesions are associated with infection by high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs). HPV-16 and HPV-18 are the most common genotypes. It has been proposed that development of HPV-16-positive cervical lesions is associated with impaired CD4(+) T cell immunity against early Ags.

Salivary gland-type mixed tumor (pleomorphic adenoma) of the lung.

Primary pleomorphic adenomas of the respiratory tract are rare tumors. They usually originate from the bronchial glands, but may also be unrelated to the bronchial tract and be localized in the pulmonary parenchyma. These salivary-gland type neoplasms have peculiar histological and clinical features: they usually behave as low-grade malignant neoplasms, but may also have more aggressive features.