A 12-week aerobic exercise intervention results in improved metabolic function and lower adipose tissue and ectopic fat in high-fat diet fed rats.

Investigations of long-term exercise interventions in humans to reverse obesity is expensive and is hampered by poor compliance and confounders. In the present study, we investigated intrahepatic and muscle fat, visceral and subcutaneous fat pads, plasma metabolic profile and skeletal muscle inflammatory markers in response to 12-week aerobic exercise in an obese rodent model. Six-week-old male Wistar rats (n=20) were randomized to chow-fed control (Control, n=5), sedentary high-fat diet (HFD, n=5), chow-fed exercise (Exercise, n=5) and HFD-fed exercise (HFD+Exercise, n=5) groups.

Experimental evolution of a fungal pathogen into a gut symbiont.

Gut microbes live in symbiosis with their hosts, but how mutualistic animal-microbe interactions emerge is not understood. By adaptively evolving the opportunistic fungal pathogen in the mouse gastrointestinal tract, we selected strains that not only had lost their main virulence program but also protected their new hosts against a variety of systemic infections. This protection was independent of adaptive immunity, arose as early as a single day postpriming, was dependent on increased innate cytokine responses, and was thus reminiscent of "trained immunity.

β-glucan Exposure on the Fungal Cell Wall Tightly Correlates with Competitive Fitness of Species in the Mouse Gastrointestinal Tract.

is responsible for ~400,000 systemic fungal infections annually, with an associated mortality rate of 46-75%. The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract represents the largest natural reservoir of species and is a major source of systemic fungal infections. However, the factors that control GI colonization by species are not completely understood.

Inhibition of Candida parapsilosis fatty acid synthase (Fas2) induces mitochondrial cell death in serum.

We have recently observed that a fatty acid auxotrophic mutant (fatty acid synthase, Fas2Δ/Δ) of the emerging human pathogenic yeast Candida parapsilosis dies after incubation in various media including serum. In the present study we describe the mechanism for cell death induced by serum and glucose containing media. We show that Fas2Δ/Δ yeast cells are profoundly susceptible to glucose leading us to propose that yeast cells lacking fatty acids exhibit uncontrolled metabolism in response to glucose.

Enhancing functional production of a chaperone-dependent lipase in Escherichia coli using the dual expression cassette plasmid.

Background: The lipase subfamilies I.1 and I.2 show more than 33% homology in the amino acid sequences and most members share another common property that their genes are clustered with the secondary genes whose protein products are required for folding the lipase into an active conformation and secretion into the culture medium.

Autophagy-related lipase FgATG15 of Fusarium graminearum is important for lipid turnover and plant infection.

Autophagy is a non-selective degradation pathway in eukaryotic cells that is conserved from yeasts to humans. Autophagy is involved in the virulence of several pathogenic fungi such as Magnaporthe grisea or Colletotrichum orbiculare. In the current study, we identified and disrupted an autophagy-like lipase FgATG15 in Fusarium graminearum.