Cystic Dilatation of the Ventriculus Terminalis: Examining the Relevance of the Revised Operative Classification Through a Systematic Review of the Literature, 2011-2021.

The literature features limited evidence on the natural history of the cystic dilatation of the ventriculus terminalis (CDVT) and its response to treatment. The goal of this study is to ascertain which impact the revised operative classification of CDVT had on the management of patients diagnosed over the past 10 years.Ten new clinical articles presenting a total of 30 cases of CDVT were identified and included for qualitative analysis.

The role of genetic and epigenetic factors in determining the risk of spinal fragility fractures: new insights in the management of spinal osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis predisposes patients to spinal fragility fractures. Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and prognostication of these osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVF). However, the current imaging knowledge base for OVF is lacking sufficient standardisation to enable effective risk prognostication.

Microgravity and the intervertebral disc: The impact of space conditions on the biomechanics of the spine.

The environmental conditions to which astronauts and other military pilots are subjected represent a unique example for understanding and studying the biomechanical events that regulate the functioning of the human body. In particular, microgravity has shown a significant impact on various biological systems, such as the cardiovascular system, immune system, endocrine system, and, last but not least, musculoskeletal system. Among the potential risks of flying, low back pain (LBP) has a high incidence among astronauts and military pilots, and it is often associated with intervertebral disc degeneration events.

Pituitary Abscess: A Challenging Preoperative Diagnosis-A Multicenter Study.

Pituitary abscess (PA) is a rare occurrence, representing less than 1% of pituitary lesions, and is defined by the presence of an infected purulent collection within the sella turcica. Pas can be classified as either primary, when the underlying pituitary is normal prior to infection, or secondary, when there is associated a pre-existing sellar pathology (i.e.

A scoping review on the challenges, improvement programs, and relevant output metrics for neurotrauma services in major trauma centers.

Background: For a neurotrauma unit to be defined as a structured neurotrauma service (NS) the following criteria must be satisfied: A dedicated neurointensive care unit, endovascular neuroradiology, in-hospital neurorehabilitation unit and helicopter platform within the context of a Level I trauma center. Designing an effective NS can be challenging, particularly when considering the different priorities and resources of countries across the globe. In addition the impact on clinical outcomes is not clearly established.

Endoscopic Transorbital Approaches to Anterior and Middle Cranial Fossa: A Laboratory Investigation on Surgical Anatomy and Potential Routes.

 Transorbital neuroendoscopic (TONES) approaches promise to open up new horizons for skull base surgery, offering alternative routes to reach the anterior and middle cranial fossa (ACF and MCF, respectively).  The aim of this anatomical study is to acquire new surgical anatomy knowledge and exploit it for the refinement of TONES approaches, as an alternative to open surgery, to reduce the distance to the target, and the risk of neurovascular lesions in pathological conditions extending beyond the orbital cavity.  Six head specimens (12 orbits) were studied/dissected.

Surgical preference regarding different materials for custom-made allograft cranioplasty in patients with calvarial defects: Results from an internal audit covering the last 20 years.

Background: Secondary cranioplasty (CP) plays a key role in restoring cranial vault anatomy and normal brain function following decompressive craniectomy (DC). The scientific literature provides only fragmentary information regarding the best timing and material for CP, making a direct comparison of different materials difficult.

Object: To identify and report according to STROBE guidelines local trends in choice of materials for CP, complications rate and surgical outcomes.

An overview of the neurosurgical implications, pathophysiology, diagnosis and recent treatment strategies for Grade IV idiopathic osteolysis, also known as Gorham-Stout or phantom bone disease.

Objective: Gorham-Stout disease (GSD), commonly referred as vanishing bone or phantom bone disease, is a rare disorder characterized by spontaneous bone osteolysis due to proliferation of lymphangiomatous tissue. This disease can involve multiple bones and cause pathologic fractures. The exact cause of GSD is unknown and its severity is unpredictable; the disorder can potentially cause disfigurement or functional disability.

How Nanotechnology and Biomedical Engineering Are Supporting the Identification of Predictive Biomarkers in Neuro-Oncology.

The field of neuro-oncology is rapidly progressing and internalizing many of the recent discoveries coming from research conducted in basic science laboratories worldwide. This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of nanotechnology and biomedical engineering in defining clinically meaningful predictive biomarkers with a potential application in the management of patients with brain tumors. Data were collected through a review of the existing English literature performed on Scopus, MEDLINE, MEDLINE in Process, EMBASE, and/or Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials: all available basic science and clinical papers relevant to address the above-stated research question were included and analyzed in this study.

Understanding the Pathological Basis of Neurological Diseases Through Diagnostic Platforms Based on Innovations in Biomedical Engineering: New Concepts and Theranostics Perspectives.

The pace of advancement of genomics and proteomics together with the recent understanding of the molecular basis behind rare diseases could lead in the near future to significant advances in the diagnosing and treating of many pathological conditions. Innovative diagnostic platforms based on biomedical engineering (microdialysis and proteomics, biochip analysis, non-invasive impedance spectroscopy, etc.) are introduced at a rapid speed in clinical practice: this article primarily aims to highlight how such platforms will advance our understanding of the pathological basis of neurological diseases.

Current and Future Applications of Biomedical Engineering for Proteomic Profiling: Predictive Biomarkers in Neuro-Traumatology.

This systematic review aims to summarize the impact of nanotechnology and biomedical engineering in defining clinically meaningful predictive biomarkers in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), a critical worldwide health problem with an estimated 10 billion people affected annually worldwide. Data were collected through a review of the existing English literature performed on Scopus, MEDLINE, MEDLINE in Process, EMBASE, and/or Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Only experimental articles revolving around the management of TBI, in which the role of new devices based on innovative discoveries coming from the field of nanotechnology and biomedical engineering were highlighted, have been included and analyzed in this study.

Retrosigmoid Approach: Investigating the Role of a C-Shaped Skin Incision and Muscle Flaps in Improving Functional Outcome and Reducing Postoperative Pain.

Objective: To investigate the impact on functional outcome and postoperative pain of a modified C-shaped skin incision and muscle flaps in patients undergoing mini-craniotomy via a retrosigmoid approach (mCRSA).

Methods: Enrolled patients were studied prospectively and divided/assigned to group A, with a standard straight/lazy S-shaped incision, or to group B, with a modified C-shaped incision. The latter consisted of a 4-cm C-shaped skin incision with medial convexity (placed 8 cm lateral to the external occipital protuberance, with the lower edge terminating 1.

Unruptured Versus Ruptured AVMs: Outcome Analysis from a Multicentric Consecutive Series of 545 Surgically Treated Cases.

Background: Recent literature strongly challenged indications to perform preventive surgery in unruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM) claiming that invasive AVM treatment is associated with a significant risk of complications and thus conservative management may be a preferable alternative in many patients. On the other hand, the recent improvement of surgical instrumentation and treatment strategies (both surgical and interventional) yielded better outcomes than those achieved only a decade ago. Therefore, even among specialists, a wide variety of opinions, concerning the treatment of unruptured AVM, can be found.