Spinal block and delirium in oncologic patients after laparoscopic surgery in the Trendelenburg position: A randomized controlled trial.

Delirium is the most common postsurgical neurological complication and has a variable incidence rate. Laparoscopic surgery, when associated with the Trendelenburg position, can cause innumerable physiological changes and increase the risk of neurocognitive changes. The association of general anesthesia with a spinal block allows the use of lower doses of anesthetic agents for anesthesia maintenance and facilitates better control over postoperative pain.

Serum cystatin C is a sensitive early marker for changes in the glomerular filtration rate in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery.

Objective: Pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy results in transient oliguria and decreased glomerular filtration and renal blood flow. The presence of oliguria and elevated serum creatinine is suggestive of acute renal injury. Serum cystatin C has been described as a new marker for the detection of this type of injury.

Effects on mother and fetus of epidural and combined spinal-epidural techniques for labor analgesia.

Objective: Epidural (EA) and combined spinal-epidural (CSE) techniques have both been utilized for labor analgesia. This study compared the effects on the mother and newborn of these techniques in labor analgesia and anesthesia.

Methods: Forty pregnant women received epidural analgesia with 15 mL of 0.

Labor analgesia with ropivacaine added to clonidine: a randomized clinical trial.

Context And Objective: Previous studies have led to speculation that the association between ropivacaine and clonidine might be more effective than ropivacaine alone. We examined the maternal-fetal effects of two pharmacological approaches: a low dose of ropivacaine or a lower dose of ropivacaine plus clonidine for epidural analgesia during labor.

Design And Setting: Prospective study at Department of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista.

Effectiveness and safety of endotracheal tube cuffs filled with air versus filled with alkalinized lidocaine: a randomized clinical trial.

Context And Objective: High intracuff pressure in endotracheal tubes (ETs) may cause tracheal lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endotracheal tube cuffs filled with air or with alkalinized lidocaine.

Design And Setting: This was a prospective clinical study at the Department of Anesthesiology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista.

[Effect of propofol in combination with ephedrine upon the onset time of cisatracurium].

Objective: The onset time of neuromuscular blocking drugs is partially determined by circulatory factors, including muscle blood flow and cardiac output. The aim of the present paper was to: 1) compare the haemodynamic effects of adding different doses of ephedrine to an induction dose of propofol and remifentanil. 2) onset time of cisatracurium.

[The use of dexmedetomidine in neurosurgery.].

Background And Objectives: The use of alpha2-adrenergic agonists is increasingly more frequent in Anesthesiology, as adjuvant or the sole anesthetic drug. Currently, dexmedetomidine is gaining popularity due to its greater selectivity for the alpha2-adrenergic receptors and its pharmacokinetic profile. The aim of this review was to analyze the use of dexmedetomidine in neurosurgery.

[Side effects of subarachnoid and epidural sufentanil associated with a local anesthetic in patients undergoing labor analgesia.].

Background And Objectives: The association of an opioid with a local anesthetic improves the quality of labor analgesia and reduces the risk of systemic toxicity of the local anesthetic. However, opioids are not devoid of side effects. The aim of this study was to compare the side effects of subarachnoid sufentanil associated with bupivacaine to those caused by epidural sufentanil associated with ropivacaine in the doses used in the Anesthesiology Department in pregnant women undergoing labor analgesia.

[The interaction between labor analgesia and its results: assessment using the newborn s weight and Apgar score.].

Background And Objectives: There are controversies regarding whether labor analgesia can interfere with labor and the vitality of the newborn. The objective of this study was the interaction between labor analgesia, using the continuous epidural and combined spinal-epidural techniques with a small dose of local anesthetic, and the type of delivery analyzing the newborn's weight and Apgar score.

Methods: The results of 168 labor analgesias (from January 2002 to January 2003) were analyzed.

[Prevention of itching after spinal sufentanil: effects of droperidol, nalbuphine, ondansetron and the association of them.].

Background And Objectives: Spinal opioids may cause some undesirable effects, the most frequent of which is itching. In spite of its low morbidity rate, itching may cause severe discomfort to patients in addition to prolonging hospital stay. This study aimed at evaluating different therapeutic options to prevent itching after spinal sufentanil.

Efficacy of N-butylscopolamine and sodium dipirone associated to ketoprofen for postoperative pain relief of patients submitted to two different laparoscopic sterilization techniques.

Background And Objectives: Laparoscopic sterilization (LS) is one of the most painful procedures and pain severity varies with the selected technique, being more severe when tubes are occluded with rings. Patients submitted to LS refer PO colic pain and N-butylscopolamine and sodium dipirone, for their anti-spasmodic and analgesic properties, associated to ketoprofen with anti-inflammatory properties, may be the option for pain prevention and relief. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of N-butylscopolamine and sodium dipirone associated to ketoprofen to prevent PO pain in patients submitted to LS by two different techniques - diathermy and tubal ring.

Does sealing endotracheal tube cuff pressure diminish the frequency of postoperative laryngotracheal complaints after nitrous oxide anesthesia?

Study Objectives: To study endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressures during nitrous oxide (N2O) anesthesia when the cuffs are inflated with air to achieve sealing pressure, and to evaluate the frequency of postoperative laryngotracheal complaints.

Design: Prospective, randomized, blind study.

Setting: Metropolitan teaching hospital.

Inhaled gases humidification and heating during artificial ventilation with low flow and minimal fresh gases flow.

Background And Objectives: Inhaled gas humidification and heating are necessary in patients under tracheal intubation or tracheostomy to prevent damage to respiratory system resulting from the contact of cold and dry gas with the airways. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of respiratory circle systems with carbon dioxide absorbers from Dräger's Cicero anesthesia machine (Germany) as to inhaled gases heating and humidification ability using low fresh gases flow (1 L min(-1)) or minimum flow (0.5 L min(-1)).

[Efficacy of propofol and propofol plus dexamethasone in controlling postoperative nausea and vomiting of gynecologic laparoscopy.].

Background And Objectives: Gynecological laparoscopy is a procedure associated to a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study aimed at comparing the efficacy of propofol or propofol plus dexamethasone in preventing PONV in patients submitted to gynecological laparoscopy.

Methods: Forty female patients, physical status ASA I and II, aged 18 to 46 years, with no previous gastric complaint, undergoing diagnostic or surgical laparoscopy were randomly distri- buted in 2 groups: Group 1 - patients were given 2 ml IV saline solution, while Group 2 was given intravenous dexamethasone (8 mg), before anesthetic induction.