State of the art of neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery.

Thyroidectomy is a common procedure in endocrine surgery, frequently performed to treat benign and malignant thyroid conditions. Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, a major complication, underscores the necessity for meticulous nerve dissection during surgery. Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has emerged as a valuable adjunct to visual identification in RLN preservation.

Differences in surgical outcomes between cervical goiter and retrosternal goiter: an international, multicentric evaluation.

Introduction: Goiter is a common problem in clinical practice, representing a large part of clinical evaluations for thyroid disease. It tends to grow slowly and progressively over several years, eventually occupying the thoracic inlet with its lower portion, defining the situation known as retrosternal goiter. Total thyroidectomy is a standardized procedure that represents the treatment of choice for all retrosternal goiters, but when is performed for such disease, a higher risk of postoperative morbidity is variously reported in the literature.

Diffuse C-Cells Hyperplasia Is the Source of False Positive Calcitonin Measurement in FNA Washout Fluids of Thyroid Nodules: A Rational Clinical Approach to Avoiding Unnecessary Surgery.

Purpose: The FNA-CT is useful for the diagnosis of MTC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of FNA-CT in TNs coexisting with CCH.

Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the records of 11 patients with TNs submitted to thyroidectomy on the basis of elevated basal and/or stimulated serum CT values, which at histology were not confirmed to be MTC.

Risk factors for postoperative cervical haematoma in patients undergoing thyroidectomy: a retrospective, multicenter, international analysis (REDHOT study).

Background: Postoperative cervical haematoma represents an infrequent but potentially life-threatening complication of thyroidectomy. Since this complication is uncommon, the assessment of risk factors associated with its development is challenging. The main aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for its occurrence.

Surgical Management of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules across Different World Regions: Results from a Retrospective Multicentric (the MAIN-NODE) Study.

Indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs) are characterized by an expected malignancy ranging from 5% to 30%, with most patients undergoing a diagnostic, rather than therapeutic, operation. The aim of our study was to compare the approach to ITNs across different regions of the world. In this retrospective, multicentric, international study, according to the WHO classification, we identified the South East Asian Region (SEAR), the Americas Region (AMR), the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), the Europe Region (EUR), and the Western Pacific Region (WPR).

US Evaluation of Topical Hemostatic Agents in Post-Thyroidectomy.

Background: the aim of this study was to describe the ultrasound appearance of topical hemostatics after thyroidectomy.

Methods: we enrolled 84 patients who were undergoing thyroid surgery and were treated with two types of topical hemostats, 49 with an absorbable hemostat of oxidized regenerated cellulose (Oxitamp) and 35 with a fibrin glue-based hemostat (Tisseel). All patients were examined using B-mode ultrasound.

Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgery for indeterminate thyroid nodules (THYCOVID): a retrospective, international, multicentre, cross-sectional study.

Background: Since its outbreak in early 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has diverted resources from non-urgent and elective procedures, leading to diagnosis and treatment delays, with an increased number of neoplasms at advanced stages worldwide. The aims of this study were to quantify the reduction in surgical activity for indeterminate thyroid nodules during the COVID-19 pandemic; and to evaluate whether delays in surgery led to an increased occurrence of aggressive tumours.

Methods: In this retrospective, international, cross-sectional study, centres were invited to participate in June 22, 2022; each centre joining the study was asked to provide data from medical records on all surgical thyroidectomies consecutively performed from Jan 1, 2019, to Dec 31, 2021.

Axillary Treatment Management in Breast Cancer during COVID-19 Pandemic (Association between ACOSOG Z0011 Criteria and OSNA Test).

The outbreak of the SARS-COVID-2 pandemic (COVID-19) had a significant effect on the organisation of healthcare systems. Surgical units saw a significant reduction in the volume of surgical procedures performed, with lengthening waiting lists as a consequence. We assessed the surgical activity in relation to breast cancer that took place at the University Hospital of Cagliari, Italy, from February 2018 to March 2022.

The paradox of Zeno in bariatric surgery weight loss: Superobese patients run faster than morbidly obese patients, but can't overtake them.

Introduction: Superobesity (SO) is defined as a BMI > 50 Kg/m, and represents the extreme severity of the disease, resulting in a challenge for the surgeons.

Methods: In this retrospective study we aimed to compare the outcomes of SO patients compared to morbidly obese (MO) patients.

Results: We included in this study 154 MO patients, with a median preoperative BMI of 40.

Does the continuation of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid during the perioperative period of thyroidectomy increase the risk of cervical haematoma? A 1-year experience of two Italian centers.

Background: A growing number of patients taking antiplatelet drugs, mainly low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (75-150 mg/day), for primary or secondary prevention of thrombotic events, are encountered in every field of surgery. While the bleeding risk due to the continuation of these medications during the perioperative period has been adequately investigated in several surgical specialties, in thyroid surgery it still needs to be clarified. The main aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of cervical haematoma in patients receiving low-dose acetylsalicylic acid, specifically ASA 100 mg/day, during the perioperative period of thyroidectomy.

Association between hashimoto thyroiditis and differentiated thyroid cancer: A single-center experience.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the iodine-sufficient areas of the world. Differentiated thyroid cancer is the most common thyroid cancer subtype, accounting for more than 95% of cases, and it is considered a tumor with a good prognosis, although a certain number of patients experience a poor clinical outcome. Hashimoto's thyroiditis has been found to coexist with differentiated thyroid cancer in surgical specimens, but the relationship between these two entities has not yet been clarified.

The Use of Harmonic Focus and Thunderbeat Open Fine Jaw in Thyroid Surgery: Experience of a High-Volume Center.

Background: In thyroid surgery, achieving accurate haemostasis is fundamental in order to avoid the occurrence of complications. Energy-based devices are currently extensively utilized in this field of surgery. This study aims to compare Harmonic Focus and Thunderbeat Open Fine Jaw with regard to surgical outcomes and complications.

Risk of Complications in Patients Undergoing Completion Thyroidectomy after Hemithyroidectomy for Thyroid Nodule with Indeterminate Cytology: An Italian Multicentre Retrospective Study.

There is still controversy as to whether patients undergoing a completion thyroidectomy after a hemithyroidectomy for a thyroid nodule with an indeterminate cytology have a comparable, increased or decreased risk of complications compared to those submitted to primary thyroid surgery. The main aim of this study was to investigate this topic. Patients undergoing a thyroidectomy for thyroid nodular disease with an indeterminate cytology in four high-volume thyroid surgery centres in Italy, between January 2017 and December 2020, were retrospectively analysed.

Intact parathyroid hormone value on the first postoperative day following total thyroidectomy as a predictor of permanent hypoparathyroidism: a retrospective analysis on 426 consecutive patients.

Introduction: Hypoparathyroidism represents a common complication following total thyroidectomy. To date, there is still no reliable and immediate postoperative parameter to establish which patients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism will develop permanent hypoparathyroidism. The main purpose of the present study was to assess whether the intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) value on the first postoperative day is a good predictor of permanent hypoparathyroidism.

A mini-invasive approach is feasible in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and discordant or negative localisation studies.

Preoperative localisation of pathological glands in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) is the mainstay for mini-invasive parathyroidectomy. Nevertheless, a not negligible number of patients presents discordant or negative neck ultrasound (US) and Tc-Sestamibi (MIBI) scan. The aim of this study was to assess if a mini-invasive approach is feasible in this kind of patients.

Risk factors of permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy Retrospective analysis of 285 consecutive patients.

Aim: Permanent hypoparathyroidism is the most common long-term complication after total thyroidectomy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors of this complication.

Material And Methods: Patients undergoing thyroidectomy in our Unit between January 2017 and February 2018 were retrospectively analysed.

The role of Rapid Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone (ioPTH) assay in determining outcome of parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder. In the last few decades, the introduction of Rapid Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone (ioPTH) monitoring has allowed to ensurance of the excision of all hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissues, reducing the risks of persistent and recurrent PHPT. However, the use of ioPTH is still debated among endocrine surgeons.

Is extensive surgery really necessary in patients with parathyroid carcinoma? Single-centre experience and a brief review of the literature.

Aim: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) represents a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). In this paper, among patients who underwent surgery for PHPT, we compared those with benign parathyroid disease with those affected by PC in terms of demographic and preoperative biochemical features. Moreover, we singularly described all 10 cases of PC treated at our Institution (including a case that occurred in a patient with tertiary hyperparathyroidism) and a brief review of the literature.

Tall Cell Variant versus Conventional Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis in 351 Consecutive Patients.

Background: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate clinical and pathological characteristics of the tall cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma compared to conventional variants.

Methods: The clinical records of patients who underwent surgical treatment between 2009 and 2015 were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: those with a histopathological diagnosis of tall cell papillary carcinoma were included in Group A, and those with a diagnosis of conventional variants in Group B.

Parathyroid Carcinoma in the Setting of Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Introduction: Parathyroid carcinoma is one of the rarest cancers in normal population, and it is extremely uncommon in the setting of tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Indeed, only 24 cases have been reported in the literature. .