Chemoradiation of locally advanced biliary cancer: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review.

Introduction: Biliary tract cancers (BTC) are rare and aggressive neoplasms. The current management of locally advanced or unresectable BTC is primarily based on chemotherapy (CHT) alone, linked to a median overall survival (OS) of approximately 12 months. However, international guidelines still consider concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) as an alternative treatment option.

A systematic review on the role of interventional radiotherapy for treatment of anal squamous cell cancer: multimodal and multidisciplinary therapeutic approach.

Background: Aim was to compare the efficacy of interventional radiotherapy (IRT) boost vs. external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) boost after chemoradiation (CCRT) in patients with anal cancer (AC).

Methods: The P.

Interventional radiotherapy (brachytherapy) for re-irradiation of recurrent head and neck malignancies: oncologic outcomes and morbidity.

Objective: Management of recurrent head and neck cancer (HNC) is challenging. One option in previously irradiated patients is re-irradiation using interventional radiotherapy (IRT), the modern form of brachytherapy. Re-irradiation using IRT can be delivered as an exclusive strategy for salvage or through a postoperative or perioperative approach after salvage surgery.

Validation of the "Rome" Classification for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Nasal Vestibule.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule is considered a rare malignancy that differs from other sinonasal malignancies in many respects. Four staging systems currently exist for this disease, the most recent addition being the "Rome" classification. This study assesses the use of this new classification and its prognostic value regarding various outcome measures.

May we routinely spare hippocampal region in primary central nervous system lymphoma during whole brain radiotherapy?

Purpose: One of the main limiting factors of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is the impairment of neurocognitive functions (NCFs), which is mainly caused by radiation-induced injury to the hippocampus. With a view to preventing NCF impairment and personalizing treatment, we explored the feasibility of sparing the hippocampus during WBRT by correlating the sites of PCNSL lesions with the hippocampus.

Methods And Materials: Pre-treatment MR images from patients who underwent WBRT between 2010 and January 2020-and post-radiotherapy images in cases of relapse-were imported into the Varian Eclipse treatment-planning system and registered with the simulation CT.

Evaluation of Staging Systems for Cancer of the Nasal Vestibule.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule is reported to account for less than one percent of all head and neck malignancies. It lacks a designated WHO ICD-O topography code, and multiple systems are available for the staging of this disease, which results in unwanted variability and the subsequent poor reliability of data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the currently available staging systems for cancer of the nasal vestibule, including the recently introduced classification by Bussu et al.

Magnetic resonance guided SBRT reirradiation in locally recurrent prostate cancer: a multicentric retrospective analysis.

Aims: Reirradiation of prostate cancer (PC) local recurrences represents an emerging challenge for current radiotherapy. In this context, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) allows the delivery of high doses, with curative intent. Magnetic Resonance guided Radiation Therapy (MRgRT) has shown promising results in terms of safety, feasibility and efficacy of delivering SBRT thanks to the enhanced soft tissue contrast and the online adaptive workflow.

New standards for the management of nose vestibule malignancies.

Background: Nasal vestibule squamous cell carcinoma (NVSCC) is an ill-defined underestimated condition.

Aim/objective: To define the current standard of care.

Material And Methods: We review recent acquisitions concerning clinical features and therapeutic approaches.

A deep learning approach to generate synthetic CT in low field MR-guided radiotherapy for lung cases.

Introduction: This study aims to apply a conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) to generate synthetic Computed Tomography (sCT) from 0.35 Tesla Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of the thorax.

Methods: Sixty patients treated for lung lesions were enrolled and divided into training (32), validation (8), internal (10,T) and external (10,T) test set.

Clinical Validation of a Deep-Learning Segmentation Software in Head and Neck: An Early Analysis in a Developing Radiation Oncology Center.

Background: Organs at risk (OARs) delineation is a crucial step of radiotherapy (RT) treatment planning workflow. Time-consuming and inter-observer variability are main issues in manual OAR delineation, mainly in the head and neck (H & N) district. Deep-learning based auto-segmentation is a promising strategy to improve OARs contouring in radiotherapy departments.

Dosimetric Impact of Inter-Fraction Variability in the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Towards New Criteria to Evaluate the Appropriateness of Online Adaptive Radiotherapy.

Purpose: As a discipline in its infancy, online adaptive RT (ART) needs new ontologies and criteria to evaluate the appropriateness of its use in clinical practice. In this experience, we propose a predictive model able to quantify the dosimetric impact due to daily inter-fraction variability in a standard RT breast treatment, to identify in advance the treatment fractions where patients might benefit from an online ART approach.

Methods: The study was focused on right breast cancer patients treated using standard adjuvant RT on an artificial intelligence (AI)-based linear accelerator.

The impact of radiomics in diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer.

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive tumours, and better risk stratification among patients is required to provide tailored treatment. The meaning of radiomics and texture analysis as predictive techniques are not already systematically assessed. The aim of this study is to assess the role of radiomics in PC.

Prevalence of HPV Infection and p16 Overexpression in Surgically Treated Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

The mucosal high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with oropharyngeal carcinogenesis. Aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of HR-HPV infection in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) from different subsites, and the clinico-biological meaning of p16 overexpression. Ninety-seven LSCCs submitted to primary surgery ( = 75) or to post-irradiation salvage laryngectomy ( = 22) were evaluated for HR-HPV DNA and RNA using Luminex-based assays.

Modern Management of Esophageal Cancer: Radio-Oncology in Neoadjuvancy, Adjuvancy and Palliation.

The modern management of esophageal cancer is crucially based on a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach. Radiotherapy is involved in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings; moreover, it includes radical and palliative treatment intention (with a focus on the use of a stent and its potential integration with radiotherapy). In this review, the above-mentioned settings and approaches will be described.

Patients' Satisfaction by SmileIn Totems in Radiotherapy: A Two-Year Mono-Institutional Experience.

Background: Patient's satisfaction is recognized as an indicator to monitor quality in healthcare services. Patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) may contribute to create a benchmark of hospital performance by assessing quality and safety in cancer care.

Methods: The areas of interest assessed were: patient-centric welcome perception (PCWP), punctuality, professionalism and comfort using the Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology.

New fractionations in breast cancer: a dosimetric study of 3D-CRT versus VMAT.

Introduction: Adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) following primary surgery in women affected by early breast cancer (EBC) plays a central role in reducing local recurrences and overall mortality. The FAST-FORWARD trial recently demonstrated that 1-week hypofractionated adjuvant RT is not inferior to the standard schedule in terms of local relapse, cosmetic outcomes and toxicity. The aim of this in silico study was to evaluate the dosimetric aspects of a 1-week RT course, administered through volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), compared with traditional three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) with tangential fields.

Radiation therapy for prostate cancer: What's the best in 2021.

Radiotherapy is highly involved in the management of prostate cancer. Its features and potential applications experienced a radical evolution over last decades, as they are associated to the continuous evolution of available technology and current oncological innovations. Some application of radiotherapy like brachytherapy have been recently enriched by innovative features and multidisciplinary dedications.

Artificial Intelligence in magnetic Resonance guided Radiotherapy: Medical and physical considerations on state of art and future perspectives.

Over the last years, technological innovation in Radiotherapy (RT) led to the introduction of Magnetic Resonance-guided RT (MRgRT) systems. Due to the higher soft tissue contrast compared to on-board CT-based systems, MRgRT is expected to significantly improve the treatment in many situations. MRgRT systems may extend the management of inter- and intra-fraction anatomical changes, offering the possibility of online adaptation of the dose distribution according to daily patient anatomy and to directly monitor tumor motion during treatment delivery by means of a continuous cine MR acquisition.

Delta Radiomics Analysis for Local Control Prediction in Pancreatic Cancer Patients Treated Using Magnetic Resonance Guided Radiotherapy.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Delta Radiomics analysis in the prediction of one-year local control (1yLC) in patients affected by locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) and treated using Magnetic Resonance guided Radiotherapy (MRgRT). A total of 35 patients from two institutions were enrolled: A 0.35 Tesla T2*/T1 MR image was acquired for each case during simulation and on each treatment fraction.

Evaluation of a generalized knowledge-based planning performance for VMAT irradiation of breast and locoregional lymph nodes-Internal mammary and/or supraclavicular regions.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of eleven Knowledge-Based (KB) models for planning optimization (RapidPlantm (RP), Varian) of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) applied to whole breast comprehensive of nodal stations, internal mammary and/or supraclavicular regions.

Methods And Materials: Six RP models have been generated and trained based on 120 VMAT plans data set with different criteria. Two extra-structures were delineated: a PTV for the optimization and a ring structure.

MRI-guided stereotactic radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a feasible and safe innovative treatment approach.

Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in early stages benefits from local ablative treatments such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). In this context, radiotherapy (RT) has shown promising results but has not been thoroughly evaluated. Magnetic resonance-guided RT (MRgRT) may represent a paradigm shifting improvement in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for liver tumors.

Case Report: First in Human Online Adaptive MR Guided SBRT of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Nodules: A New Therapeutic Approach for the Oligo-Metastatic Patient.

Peritoneal carcinosis (PC) is characterized by poor prognosis. PC is currently treated as a locoregional disease and the possibility to perform very precise treatments such as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has opened up new therapeutic perspectives. More recently, the introduction of Magnetic Resonance-guided Radiation Therapy (MRgRT) allowed online adaptation (OA) of treatment plan to optimize daily dose distribution based on patient's anatomy.