This study introduces an environmentally friendly technique for copper nanoparticle synthesis utilizing fruit extract under the sonication treatment. The synthesis process and phenol red removal were optimized by a central composite full and response surface design. Highly pure and spherical-shaped copper nanoparticles with an average size of 22.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe derive that lightning can start if the electric field is 15% of the breakdown field, and if elongated ice particles of 6 cm length and 100 free electrons per cm3 are present. This is one particular example set from a parameter range that we discuss as well. Our simulations include the permittivity ε(ω) of ice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF