Multi-biofluid metabolomics analysis of allergic respiratory rhinitis and asthma in early childhood.

Background: Childhood rhinitis and asthma are allergic respiratory diseases triggered by common allergens, but they affect different parts of the respiratory system, leading to distinct symptoms. However, a comprehensive multi-biofluid metabolomics-based approach to uncover valuable insights into childhood allergies and allergen sensitization remains unaddressed.

Methods: Seventy-six children, comprising 26 with rhinitis, 26 with asthma, and 24 healthy controls, were enrolled.

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Overestimation of clinical N-staging in microsatellite instable gastric cancers is associated with VEGF-C signaling and CD8+ T-cell dynamics.

Background: Microsatellite instable (MSI) gastric cancers exhibit reduced lymph node (LN) metastasis and improved survival compared to microsatellite stable (MSS) counterparts. However, to our longstanding observation, clinical N-staging (cN) is frequently overestimated in MSI cases. The clinical implications and underlying mechanisms of this discrepancy warrant further investigation.

Advancements, Challenges, and Future Prospects in Clinical Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Comprehensive Review.

Hyperpolarized (HP) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a groundbreaking imaging platform advancing from research to clinical practice, offering new possibilities for real-time, non-invasive metabolic imaging. This review explores the latest advancements, challenges, and future directions of HP MRI, emphasizing its transformative impact on both translational research and clinical applications. By employing techniques such as dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP), Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization (PHIP), Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE), and Spin-Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP), HP MRI achieves enhanced nuclear spin polarization, enabling in vivo visualization of metabolic pathways with exceptional sensitivity.

Endometrial cancer risk stratification using MRI radiomics: corroborating with choline metabolism.

Background And Purpose: Radiomics offers little explainability. This study aims to develop a radiomics model (Rad-Score) using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to predict high-risk patients for nodal metastasis or recurrence in endometrial cancer (EC) and corroborate with choline metabolism.

Materials And Methods: From August 2015 to July 2018, 356 EC patients were enrolled.

Incidental Findings in Lung Cancer Screening.

While low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening (LCS) has been recognized for its effectiveness in reducing lung cancer mortality, it often simultaneously leads to the detection of incidental findings (IFs) unrelated to the primary screening indication. These IFs present diagnostic and management challenges, potentially causing unnecessary anxiety and further invasive diagnostic procedures for patients. This review article provides an overview of IFs encountered in LDCT, emphasizing their clinical significance and recommended management strategies.

Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Technical Considerations and Clinical Applications.

Hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 (C) MRI represents an innovative approach for noninvasive, real-time assessment of dynamic metabolic flux, with potential integration into routine clinical MRI. The use of [1-C]pyruvate as a probe and its conversion to [1-C]lactate constitute an extensively explored metabolic pathway. This review comprehensively outlines the establishment of HP C-MRI, covering multidisciplinary team collaboration, hardware prerequisites, probe preparation, hyperpolarization techniques, imaging acquisition, and data analysis.

Ultrasonography of acute retroperitoneum.

The retroperitoneum is an important space in the human body that is often implicated in a range Epub ahead of print of acute medical conditions, some of which can be life-threatening. Ultrasonography may serve as a pivotal first-line imaging technique when assessing patients with suspected retroperitoneal abnormalities. Effective ultrasonography of the retroperitoneum requires a comprehensive grasp of its anatomy, adjacent structures, and potential pathologies.

Metabolomic profiling of maternal plasma identifies inverse associations of acetate and urea with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers following COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy.

We conducted a comprehensive metabolomic analysis of plasma samples obtained from pregnant women who displayed varying post-vaccination antibody titers after receiving mRNA-1273-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The study involved 62 pregnant women, all of whom had been vaccinated after reaching 24 weeks of gestation. To quantify post-vaccination plasma antibody titers, we employed binding antibody units (BAU) in accordance with the World Health Organization International Standard.

Combined Plasma DHA-Containing Phosphatidylcholine PCaa C38:6 and Tetradecanoyl-Carnitine as an Early Biomarker for Assessing the Mortality Risk among Sarcopenic Patients.

The coming of the hyper-aged society in Taiwan prompts us to investigate the relationship between the metabolic status of sarcopenic patients and their most adverse outcome-death. We studied the association between any plasma metabolites and the risk for mortality among older Taiwanese sarcopenic patients. We applied a targeted metabolomic approach to study the plasma metabolites of adults aged ≥65 years, and identified the metabolic signature predictive of the mortality of sarcopenic patients who died within a 5.

Machine Learning Radiomics Signature for Differentiating Lymphoma versus Benign Splenomegaly on CT.

Background: We aimed to develop and validate a preoperative CT-based radiomics signature for differentiating lymphoma versus benign splenomegaly.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed CT studies from 139 patients (age range 26-93 years, 43% female) between 2011 and 2019 with histopathological diagnosis of the spleen (19 lymphoma, 120 benign) and divided them into developing ( = 79) and testing ( = 60) datasets. The volumetric radiomic features were extracted from manual segmentation of the whole spleen on venous-phase CT imaging using PyRadiomics package.

Metabolomics Assessment of Volume Overload-Induced Heart Failure and Oxidative Stress in the Kidney.

The incidence of heart failure (HF) is increasing and is associated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, HF often coexists with renal dysfunction and is associated with a worsened outcome. In many experimental studies on cardiac dysfunction, the function of other organs was either not addressed or did not show any decline.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Coronary Calcium Scoring in Standard Cardiac Computed Tomography and Chest Computed Tomography With Different Reconstruction Kernels.

Purpose: To assess the correlation of coronary calcium score (CS) obtained by artificial intelligence (AI) with those obtained by electrocardiography gated standard cardiac computed tomography (CCT) and nongated chest computed tomography (ChCT) with different reconstruction kernels.

Patients And Methods: Seventy-six patients received standard CCT and ChCT simultaneously. We compared CS obtained in 4 groups: CS CCT , by the traditional method from standard CCT, 25 cm field of view, 3 mm slice thickness, and kernel filter convolution 12 (FC12); CS AICCT , by AI from the standard CCT; CS ChCTsoft , by AI from the non-gated CCT, 40 cm field of view, 3 mm slice thickness, and a soft kernel FC02; and CS ChCTsharp , by AI from CCT image with same parameters for CS ChCTsoft except for using a sharp kernel FC56.

Deep Learning Framework with Multi-Head Dilated Encoders for Enhanced Segmentation of Cervical Cancer on Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

T-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are essential components of cervical cancer diagnosis. However, combining these channels for the training of deep learning models is challenging due to image misalignment. Here, we propose a novel multi-head framework that uses dilated convolutions and shared residual connections for the separate encoding of multiparametric MRI images.

Aspartate and Acetate Fuel Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Beyond the Warburg Effect.

Unlabelled: Metabolic reprogramming is closely linked to the tumorigenesis and drug resistance of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Mapping the metabolic orbit of GISTs is a prerequisite if intervention against the metabolic vulnerability of refractory GISTs is desirable.

Methods: A total of 43 patients with treatment-naïve GISTs who had undergone surgical resections were enrolled, on whom a metabolomics profile detected from surgical specimens was constructed based on the H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) platform.

Comparing Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) and the MAGiC Sequence for Simultaneous T1 and T2 Quantitative Measurements in the Female Pelvis: A Prospective Study.

The aim of this study was to explore the potential of magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF), an emerging quantitative MRI technique, in measuring relaxation values of female pelvic tissues compared to the conventional magnetic resonance image compilation (MAGiC) sequence. The study included 32 female patients who underwent routine pelvic MRI exams using anterior and posterior array coils on a 3T clinical scanner. Our findings demonstrated significant correlations between MRF and MAGiC measured T1 and T2 values ( < 0.

Fully automated segmentation and radiomics feature extraction of hypopharyngeal cancer on MRI using deep learning.

Objectives: To use convolutional neural network for fully automated segmentation and radiomics features extraction of hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) tumor in MRI.

Methods: MR images were collected from 222 HPC patients, among them 178 patients were used for training, and another 44 patients were recruited for testing. U-Net and DeepLab V3 + architectures were used for training the models.

Exploring the aging process of cognitively healthy adults by analyzing cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Background: During biological aging, significant metabolic dysregulation in the central nervous system may lead to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. However, the metabolomics of the aging process in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not been thoroughly explored.

Methods: In this cohort study of CSF metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), fasting CSF samples collected from 92 cognitively unimpaired adults aged 20-87 years without obesity or diabetes were analyzed.

Lung Cancer in Lung Transplant Recipients: Clinical, Radiologic, and Pathologic Characteristics and Treatment Outcome.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate clinical and radiologic characteristics of lung cancer in lung transplant recipients and evaluate the treatment course and prognosis.

Methods: The study included 448 patients who underwent lung transplant between 2005 and 2021. All patients had pretransplant chest computed tomography (CT), 429 patients had posttransplant CT, whereas 19 had no posttransplant CT (median number of posttransplant CT, 6; range, 0-24).

Malonyl-CoA Accumulation as a Compensatory Cytoprotective Mechanism in Cardiac Cells in Response to 7-Ketocholesterol-Induced Growth Retardation.

The major oxidized product of cholesterol, 7-Ketocholesterol (7KCh), causes cellular oxidative damage. In the present study, we investigated the physiological responses of cardiomyocytes to 7KCh. A 7KCh treatment inhibited the growth of cardiac cells and their mitochondrial oxygen consumption.

Generalizable transfer learning of automated tumor segmentation from cervical cancers toward a universal model for uterine malignancies in diffusion-weighted MRI.

Purpose: To investigate the generalizability of transfer learning (TL) of automated tumor segmentation from cervical cancers toward a universal model for cervical and uterine malignancies in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI).

Methods: In this retrospective multicenter study, we analyzed pelvic DWI data from 169 and 320 patients with cervical and uterine malignancies and divided them into the training (144 and 256) and testing (25 and 64) datasets, respectively. A pretrained model was established using DeepLab V3 + from the cervical cancer dataset, followed by TL experiments adjusting the training data sizes and fine-tuning layers.

Glycolytic Plasticity of Metastatic Lung Cancer Captured by Noninvasive F-FDG PET/CT and Serum H-NMR Analysis: An Orthotopic Murine Model Study.

We aim to establish a noninvasive diagnostic platform to capture early phenotypic transformation for metastasis using 18F-FDG PET and 1H-NMR-based serum metabolomics. Mice with implantation of NCI-H460 cells grew only primary lung tumors in the localized group and had both primary and metastatic lung tumors in the metastatic group. The serum metabolites were analyzed using 1H-NMR at the time of PET/CT scan.

Using T1 mapping indices to evaluate muscle function and predict conservative treatment outcomes in diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease.

Objectives: To investigate interstitial muscle fibrosis via T1 mapping indices and its relationships with muscle function and conservative treatment outcomes.

Methods: A total of 49 DM patients with PAD were prospectively recruited from 2016 to 2017. All PAD patients underwent pre-treatment MRI with conservative treatment via a rehabilitation program and antiplatelet therapy.