Long-term clinical outcome of a weekly 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine regimen in treatment-naïve patients with hairy cell leukemia.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) has a favorable clinical outcome with appropriate treatment; however, further research is needed on managing patients with relapsed or refractory disease and the risk of infection during prolonged periods. This study examined the long-term effects of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA), particularly using a weekly infusion protocol, in treatment-naïve patients with HCL. This retrospective study evaluated the long-term follow-up data from 21 South Korean patients diagnosed with HCL.

Influence of Organ-Specific Extranodal Involvement on Survival Outcomes in Stage IV Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Background: The prognostic significance of extranodal sites in stage IV diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains uncertain, making it challenging to select appropriate treatment strategies for individual patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of different extranodal sites on prognosis in young patients with stage IV DLBCL who achieved complete remission (CR) following initial chemo-immunotherapy and to explore the potential of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) as a consolidation treatment for specific patient subgroups.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 119 patients with DLBCL aged < 60 years who achieved CR after chemo-immunotherapy between 2008 and 2020.

DL-ICE as a bridge to allogeneic transplantation in relapsed/refractory PTCL: survival outcomes and prognostic factors.

Introduction: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) have poor outcomes in the relapsed/refractory (R/R) setting. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of dexamethasone, L-asparaginase, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (DL-ICE) chemotherapy followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with R/R PTCLs.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 80 adult patients with R/R PTCLs treated with DL-ICE chemotherapy between September 2009 and March 2023.

Comparison of Long-Term Outcomes of Double Unit Cord Blood Versus Haploidentical Donor Transplantation in Adult Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Regarding KIR-Ligand Mismatch.

Background: Haploidentical donor transplantation (HIDT) or cord blood transplantation (CBT) are common alternatives for patients lacking human-leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. In addition to the donor source, NK cell alloreactivity due to HLA-mismatch setting may affect outcomes in alternative-donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). However, a limited number of studies have evaluated their impacts in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to improve prognosis in aggressive monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma.

Introduction: Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL) is a rare, aggressive subtype of primary gastrointestinal T-cell lymphoma. Owing to the absence of symptoms characteristic of MEITL, diagnosis can be challenging, and the low response rate to conventional chemotherapy leads to an abysmal prognosis. This study aimed to define the clinicopathologic characteristics of MEITL in Korea, evaluate the clinical outcomes of intensive chemotherapy with and without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and explore prognostic factors.

Beneficial effects of cellular immunotherapy in the prevention and treatment of posttransplant hematologic relapse of myelodysplastic neoplasms.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the only curative option for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, relapse remains the primary cause of transplantation failure. This single-center study aimed to evaluate factors influencing therapeutic interventions to prevent overt relapse of MDS and to identify treatment approaches that ensure optimal response and safety.

Challenges in overcoming advanced-stage or relapsed refractory extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: meta-analysis of individual patient data.

Introduction: Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), a non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is known for its destructive local impact on nasal structures and systemic induction of inflammatory cytokines. Concurrent treatment with radiation and nonanthracycline- based chemotherapy has improved survival rates in patients with localized disease stages. However, survival outcomes vary significantly in advanced-stage and relapsed or refractory (R/R) cases.

Mesenchymal stem cells preconditioned with a TLR5 agonist enhanced immunoregulatory effect through M2 macrophage polarization in a murine graft-versus-host disease model.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and can be life-threatening. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adult stem cells with immunomodulatory properties, have been used as therapeutic agents in a variety of ways and have demonstrated efficacy against acute GVHD (aGVHD); however, variability in MSC pro- and anti-inflammatory properties and the limitation that they only exhibit immunosuppressive effects at high levels of inflammation have prevented their widespread clinical use. The outcomes of GVHD treated with MSCs in the clinic have been variable, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

Comparative analysis of reduced toxicity conditioning regimens between fludarabine plus melphalan and fludarabine plus busulfex in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Reduced-toxicity conditioning (RTC) regimens aim to mitigate regimen-related toxicity while maintaining anti-leukemic efficacy in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). We assessed outcomes of RTC regimens utilizing melphalan versus intravenous busulfan combined with fludarabine in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. A retrospective analysis was conducted with 149 consecutive adult ALL patients (median age 51, range 18-60) in remission undergoing allo-HSCT.

The IL-6 signaling pathway contributes critically to the immunomodulatory mechanism of human decidua-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have been proposed as a treatment for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which is a major complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, clinical trials have not yielded good results, and human decidua-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (DSCs) have been proposed as an alternative. In addition, the mechanism by which DSCs exert their immunomodulatory effects is still unknown.

TLR5 agonist in combination with anti-PD-1 treatment enhances anti-tumor effect through M1/M2 macrophage polarization shift and CD8 T cell priming.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized anti-tumor therapy, notably improving treatment responses in various tumors. However, many patients remain non-responsive and do not experience benefits. Given that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can counteract tumor immune tolerance by stimulating both innate and adaptive immune responses, TLR agonists are being explored as potential immune adjuvants for cancer treatment.

Reduced toxicity (FluBu3) versus myeloablative (BuCy) conditioning in acute myeloid leukemia patients who received first allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in measurable residual disease-negative CR1.

In the present study, reduced toxicity (FluBu3) and myeloablative (BuCy) conditioning were compared in patients with AML who received first allogeneic HSCT in MRD-negative CR1. The study included 124 adult patients who underwent HSCT from an HLA-matched (8/8) sibling, unrelated, or 1-locus mismatched (7/8) unrelated donor (MMUD). The median age was 45 years and intermediate cytogenetics comprised majority (71.

Dynamic changes in physical function during intensive chemotherapy affect transplant outcomes in older adults with AML.

Introduction: Intensive chemotherapy (IC) can affect all geriatric assessment (GA) domains in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but data on the effects of these changes on transplant outcomes are lacking.

Methods: Therefore, we prospectively assessed the prognostic role of GA domains at diagnosis and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in 51 patients with AML aged ≥60 years who achieved complete remission after IC. We performed both baseline and pre-allo-HSCT GA; moreover, physical function, including a short physical performance battery (SPPB), cognitive function, psychological function, nutritional status, and social support were examined.

Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Optimizing Combination Therapy for Primary Pulmonary Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma progresses with advancing disease stage. However, no standard treatment approach has been established. This single-center retrospective study evaluated clinical and radiological characteristics, treatment modalities, and long-term prognosis of pulmonary MALT lymphoma.

The salvage role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

To clarify the role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy era, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 52 patients treated with allo-HSCT with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Most enrolled patients had previously undergone intensive treatments, the median number of chemotherapy lines was 4, and the median time from diagnosis to allo-HSCT was 27.1 months.

Prognostic Value of FDG PET/CT in Patients with Nodal Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma.

This study evaluated the prognostic significance of FDG PET/CT in patients with nodal peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). We retrospectively reviewed patients with histologically confirmed nodal PTCL who underwent FDG PET/CT at baseline, after three cycles of first-line chemotherapy (interim), and at the end of therapy. Response was assessed visually using the Deauville 5-point scale (D5PS); scores of 1, 2, and 3 were considered PET-negative, and scores of 4 and 5 were considered PET-positive.

Efficacy of ex vivo purging with CD34+ selection to maximize the effects of autologous stem cell transplantation in peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients.

Background Aims: Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are rare and aggressive tumors with uncertain optimal treatment. This study investigated the clinical outcomes of high-dose chemotherapy (HDT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) after CD34+ selective purging in PTCL patients.

Methods: Retrospective analysis included 67 PTCL patients who achieved remission and underwent HDT/ASCT.

Effectiveness of pegfilgrastim prophylaxis in preventing febrile neutropenia during R-FC chemoimmunotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A multicenter prospective phase II study.

Background: A chemotherapy of rituximab, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (R-FC) has been accepted as a promising frontline chemotherapy in selected patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although R-FC regimen is a relatively dose-dense regimen and neutropenia incidence is more than 50%, primary prophylactic pegfilgrastim was not fully recommended in the clinical field. Therefore, the study evaluated the prophylactic effectiveness of pegfilgrastim to reduce the incidence of febrile neutropenia associated with R-FC of patients with CLL.

A Successful Bridge Therapy Combining Hypomethylating Agents with Venetoclax for Adult Patients with Newly Diagnosed or Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Recently, the combination of VEN-HMA has been shown to achieve durable responses in patients with both newly diagnosed (ND) and R/R-AML. We retrospectively evaluated the post-allo-HCT outcomes of 50 patients who received VEN-HMA therapy. In total, 10 were ND and 40 were R/R and, at the time of HCT, the median age was 53 years.

Migratory Pneumonia in Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients Treated With B-cell Depletion Therapies for B-cell Lymphoma.

Objective: To report the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with underlying B-cell lymphoma and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) showing migratory airspace opacities on serial chest computed tomography (CT) with persistent COVID-19 symptoms.

Materials And Methods: From January 2020 to June 2022, of the 56 patients with underlying hematologic malignancy who had undergone chest CT more than once at our hospital after acquiring COVID-19, seven adult patients (5 female; age range, 37-71 years; median age, 45 years) who showed migratory airspace opacities on chest CT were selected for the analysis of clinical and CT features.

Results: All patients had been diagnosed with B-cell lymphoma (three diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and four follicular lymphoma) and had received B-cell depleting chemotherapy, including rituximab, within three months prior to COVID-19 diagnosis.

Superior survival outcome of blinatumomab compared with conventional chemotherapy for adult patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a propensity score-matched cohort analysis.

Background: Blinatumomab showed a higher complete remission (CR) rate and a safe bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R BCP-ALL).

Objectives: We tried to analyze the outcome of blinatumomab compared with the real-world historical data. We expected superior outcome of blinatumomab compared with historical conventional chemotherapy.

Long-term clinical outcomes of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in real-world experience.

This long-term, retrospective, single-center study evaluated real-world clinical outcomes of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma using different therapeutic modalities and analyzed factors affecting survival outcomes and long-term prognosis. We enrolled 203 patients with pathologically confirmed low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma and examined their treatment responses. Helicobacter pylori eradication was performed in all patients with H.

Diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of primary intraocular lymphoma: Single-center real-world clinical experience.

Background: The diagnosis and management of primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL) remain challenging. This study identified factors indicative of PIOL, described treatment outcomes, and determined modalities to prevent relapse.

Methods: We included 21 PIOL-diagnosed patients, seven via cytology, 12 via genetic evaluation, and two via interleukin (IL) level measurements, who underwent vitrectomy and received local intravitreal methotrexate (IV-MTX) injection.