Genome-wide association study identifies QTL for eight fruit traits in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is effective in identifying favorable alleles for traits of interest with high mapping resolution in crop species. In this study, we conducted GWAS to explore quantitative trait loci (QTL) for eight fruit traits using 162 tomato accessions with diverse genetic backgrounds. The eight traits included fruit weight, fruit width, fruit height, fruit shape index, pericarp thickness, locule number, fruit firmness, and brix.

Long-term Clinical Outcomes and Risk of Peritoneal Seeding after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer: A Focus on Perforation during the Procedure.

Background/aims: The risk of peritoneal seeding following perforation after endoscopic resection in patients with early gastric cancer is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term clinical outcomes including peritoneal seeding and overall survival rate following gastric perforation during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Methods: Between January 2002 and March 2015, 556 patients were diagnosed with early gastric cancer and underwent ESD.

Sporadic Non-ampullary Duodenal Adenoma Overriding the Cystic Dilatation of Brunner's Gland Hyperplasia.

Sporadic non-ampullary duodenal adenoma is uncommon and found incidentally during endoscopic examinations. Brunner's gland hyperplasia is commonly encountered during endoscopic examinations. Adenomas arising from Brunner's gland hyperplasia originate from the glandular cells, and the surface epithelia are usually intact.

Can Endoscopic Ulcerations in Early Gastric Cancer Be Clearly Defined before Endoscopic Resection? A Survey among Endoscopists.

Background/aims: Early gastric cancer (EGC) with ulcerations can be treated via endoscopic resection (ER) when it is differentiated pathologically, limited to the mucosa, and <3 cm in diameter. The presence of ulceration is a key factor in deciding treatment strategies and is usually diagnosed during endoscopic examination. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether ulcerations in EGC can be clearly defined among endoscopists and which factors are related to the differences.

Risk Factors for Additional Surgery after Iatrogenic Perforations due to Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

. Endoscopic resection (ER) is commonly performed to treat gastric epithelial neoplasms and subepithelial tumors. The aim of this study was to predict the risk factors for surgery after ER-induced perforation.

Diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided single-incision needle knife biopsy for gastric subepithelial tumors: comparison with resected specimens.

Background: Several techniques are recommended for the histologic diagnosis of gastric subepithelial tumors (SETs). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided single-incision needle knife (SINK) biopsy for the diagnosis of gastric SETs.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who received biopsy for gastric SETs from August 2012 to May 2015 was conducted.

Perigastric Abscess as a Complication of Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer: First Case Report.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) is a widely accepted and well established procedure because of its curative potential and low invasiveness compared with surgery. Perforation is a potential major complication during ESD, and non-surgical treatments such as endoscopic closure with clips are sufficient in most cases. Here, we report a case of perigastric abscess that occurred as a complication of ESD for EGC.

Non-Exposed Endoscopic Wall-Inversion Surgery for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Stomach: First Case Report in Korea.

Laparoscopic wedge resection of the stomach is a widely accepted treatment for primary resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, it is difficult to determine the appropriate incision line from outside of the stomach, and many attempts have been made to avoid unnecessary resection of unaffected gastric tissues. Recently a technique called non-exposed endoscopic wall-inversion surgery (NEWS) was introduced to avoid exposure of GIST to the peritoneum.

[Role of Colonoscopy in Patients with Hematochezia].

Background/aims: Although colonoscopy is not indicated in patients with hematochezia, many surgeons, internists, and physicians are recommending colonoscopy for these patients in Korea. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of colonoscopy for patients with hematochezia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of colonoscopy between January 2010 and December 2010.

Two Cases of Allergy to Insulin in Gestational Diabetes.

Allergic reaction to insulin is uncommon since the introduction of human recombinant insulin preparations and is more rare in pregnant than non-pregnant females due to altered immune reaction during pregnancy. Herein, we report two cases of allergic reaction to insulin in gestational diabetes that were successfully managed. One case was a 33-year-old female using isophane-neutral protamine Hagedorn human insulin and insulin lispro.

A case of Clostridium difficile infection complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome treated with fecal microbiota transplantation.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening disorder caused mainly by pneumonia. Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a common nosocomial diarrheal disease. Disruption of normal intestinal flora by antibiotics is the main risk factor for CDI.

Plasma exchange successfully treats central pontine myelinolysis after acute hypernatremia from intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy.

Background: Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) primarily occurs after rapid correction of severe hyponatremia. There are no proven effective therapies for ODS, but we describe the first case showing the successful treatment of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) by plasma exchange, which occurred after rapid development of hypernatremia from intravenous sodium bicarbonate therapy.

Case Presentation: A 40-year-old woman presented with general weakness, hypokalemia, and metabolic acidosis.