Evidence of natural lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection and genetic characterization of LSDV strains from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in India.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) has emerged as a threat to cattle production in Asia, and India has been facing LSD epidemics since 2019. Although water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is susceptible to natural LSDV infection, there have been no confirmed reports of LSDV infection in water buffalo in India. In this study, we investigated suspected cases of LSD in water buffaloes from 12 Indian states and one union territory during 2020-2023.

Malnutrition as a potential predictor of mortality in chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition, a significant problem in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), is linked to lower health-related quality of life, longer and more frequent hospital admissions, worse functional capacity, and higher levels of morbidity. However, the extent of its impact on mortality is poorly elucidated. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of malnutrition on mortality among CKD patients on dialysis.

Tumor microenvironmental determinants of high-risk DCIS progression.

Ductal carcinoma (DCIS) constitutes an array of morphologically recognized intraductal neoplasms in the mammary ductal tree defined by an increased risk for subsequent invasive carcinomas at or near the site of biopsy detection. However, only 15-45% of untreated DCIS cases progress to invasive cancer, so understanding mechanisms that prevent progression is key to avoid overtreatment and provides a basis for alternative therapies and prevention. This study was designed to characterize the tumor microenvironment and molecular profile of high-risk DCIS that grew to a large size but remained as DCIS.

Risk of bleeding with concomitant use of oral anticoagulants and aspirin: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Oral anticoagulants (OACs) and aspirin can trigger bleeding events when used alone or in combination. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of any type of bleeding in individuals exposed to a combination of OAC and aspirin with the risk in those taking an OAC or aspirin alone.

Methods: MEDLINE and Web of Science were queried in January 2021 for eligible articles.

Bromodomain Proteins Epigenetically Regulate the Mitotically Associated lncRNA MANCR in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-mediated control of gene expression contributes to regulation of biological processes that include proliferation and phenotype, as well as compromised expression of genes that are functionally linked to cancer initiation and tumor progression. lncRNAs have emerged as novel targets and biomarkers in breast cancer. We have shown that mitotically associated lncRNA MANCR is expressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and that it serves a critical role in promoting genome stability and survival in aggressive breast cancer cells.

LINC01638 sustains human mesenchymal stem cell self-renewal and competency for osteogenic cell fate.

The skeleton forms from multipotent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) competent to commit to specific lineages. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as key epigenetic regulators of tissue development. However, regulation of osteogenesis by lncRNAs as mediators of commitment to the bone phenotype is largely unexplored.

Multispectral Imaging of Metabolic Fluorophores: Comparing In Vivo and Fresh Ex Vivo Tissue.

The enhanced uptake of glucose by cancer cells via aerobic glycolysis occurs when the lactic acid pathway is favored over the citric acid cycle. The lactic acid cycle in cancer cells influences the cytosolic concentration of metabolic fluorophores including NADH (the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). In particular, the literature has shown that breast cancer influences the relative magnitude of fluorescence from NADH and FAD.

LINC01638 Sustains Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Competency for Osteogenic Cell Fate.

The skeleton forms from multipotent human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) competent to commit to specific lineages. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as key epigenetic regulators of tissue development. However, regulation of osteogenesis by lncRNAs as mediators of commitment to the bone phenotype is largely unexplored.

Real-world evidence in the use of Bevacizumab in age-related macular degeneration (ArMD): a scoping review.

Purpose: Pharmacological treatments for age-related macular degeneration (ArMD) include anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies. Bevacizumab is used off-label, as it has no indication for ArMD. This study aims to identify and describe literature on real-world evidence of bevacizumab (originator or biosimilars) use in ArMD.

Spatiotemporal higher-order chromatin landscape of human histone gene clusters at histone locus bodies during the cell cycle in breast cancer progression.

Human Histone Locus Bodies (HLBs) are nuclear subdomains comprised of clustered histone genes that are coordinately regulated throughout the cell cycle. We addressed temporal-spatial higher-order genome organization for time-dependent chromatin remodeling at HLBs that supports control of cell proliferation. Proximity distances of specific genomic contacts within histone gene clusters exhibit subtle changes during the G1 phase in MCF10 breast cancer progression model cell lines.

Spatiotemporal Epigenetic Control of the Histone Gene Chromatin Landscape during the Cell Cycle.

Higher-order genomic organization supports the activation of histone genes in response to cell cycle regulatory cues that epigenetically mediates stringent control of transcription at the G1/S-phase transition. Histone locus bodies (HLBs) are dynamic, non-membranous, phase-separated nuclear domains where the regulatory machinery for histone gene expression is organized and assembled to support spatiotemporal epigenetic control of histone genes. HLBs provide molecular hubs that support synthesis and processing of DNA replication-dependent histone mRNAs.

Identification of molecularly unique tumor-associated mesenchymal stromal cells in breast cancer patients.

The tumor microenvironment is a complex mixture of cell types that bi-directionally interact and influence tumor initiation, progression, recurrence, and patient survival. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of the tumor microenvironment engage in crosstalk with cancer cells to mediate epigenetic control of gene expression. We identified CD90+ MSCs residing in the tumor microenvironment of patients with invasive breast cancer that exhibit a unique gene expression signature.

Understanding patient cost-sharing thresholds for diabetes treatment attributes via a discrete choice experiment.

The process used to prefer certain products across drug classes for diabetes is generally focused on comparative effectiveness and cost. However, payers rarely tie patient preference for treatment attributes to formulary management resulting in a misalignment of value defined by providers, payers, and patients. To explore patients' willingness to pay (WTP) for the predetermined high-value and low-value type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatments within a health plan.

Epigenetic-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression for Biological Control and Cancer: Fidelity of Mechanisms Governing the Cell Cycle.

The cell cycle is governed by stringent epigenetic mechanisms that, in response to intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory cues, support fidelity of DNA replication and cell division. We will focus on (1) the complex and interdependent processes that are obligatory for control of proliferation and compromised in cancer, (2) epigenetic and topological domains that are associated with distinct phases of the cell cycle that may be altered in cancer initiation and progression, and (3) the requirement for mitotic bookmarking to maintain intranuclear localization of transcriptional regulatory machinery to reinforce cell identity throughout the cell cycle to prevent malignant transformation.

Epigenetic-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression for Biological Control and Cancer: Cell and Tissue Structure, Function, and Phenotype.

Epigenetic gene regulatory mechanisms play a central role in the biological control of cell and tissue structure, function, and phenotype. Identification of epigenetic dysregulation in cancer provides mechanistic into tumor initiation and progression and may prove valuable for a variety of clinical applications. We present an overview of epigenetically driven mechanisms that are obligatory for physiological regulation and parameters of epigenetic control that are modified in tumor cells.

Pneumococcal Vaccination in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cost-Effectiveness Studies.

Objectives: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have significantly reduced disease burden caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the incremental net benefit (INB) of the 13-valent PCV (PCV13) and 10-valent PCV (PCV10) in children.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search in several databases published before May 2022.

Implementation of implicit bias awareness and action training in a pharmacy residency program.

Purpose: To implement an implicit bias awareness and action seminar program for the University of Utah Health pharmacy residency program and measure knowledge, awareness, and comfort around race-related topics.

Summary: An implicit bias awareness training program was implemented with a pre- and post-training survey to measure knowledge, comfort, and confidence around understanding and addressing biases. Fifty-one residents and preceptors participated in the implicit bias training, and 47 (92.

The Shared Core Resource as a Partner in Innovative Scientific Research: Illustration from an Academic Microscopy Imaging Center.

Core facilities have a ubiquitous and increasingly valuable presence at research institutions. Although many shared cores were originally created to provide routine services and access to complex and expensive instrumentation for the research community, they are frequently called upon by investigators to design protocols and procedures to help answer complex research questions. For instance, shared microscopy resources are evolving from providing access to and training on complex imaging instruments to developing detailed innovative protocols and experimental strategies, including sample preparation techniques, staining, complex imaging parameters, and high-level image analyses.

LncMIR181A1HG is a novel chromatin-bound epigenetic suppressor of early stage osteogenic lineage commitment.

Bone formation requires osteogenic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and lineage progression of committed osteoblast precursors. Osteogenic phenotype commitment is epigenetically controlled by genomic (chromatin) and non-genomic (non-coding RNA) mechanisms. Control of osteogenesis by long non-coding RNAs remains a largely unexplored molecular frontier.

RUNX1 and RUNX2 transcription factors function in opposing roles to regulate breast cancer stem cells.

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are competent to initiate tumor formation and growth and refractory to conventional therapies. Consequently BCSCs are implicated in tumor recurrence. Many signaling cascades associated with BCSCs are critical for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Higher order genomic organization and epigenetic control maintain cellular identity and prevent breast cancer.

Cells establish and sustain structural and functional integrity of the genome to support cellular identity and prevent malignant transformation. In this review, we present a strategic overview of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms including histone modifications and higher order chromatin organization (HCO) that are perturbed in breast cancer onset and progression. Implications for dysfunctions that occur in hormone regulation, cell cycle control, and mitotic bookmarking in breast cancer are considered, with an emphasis on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell activities.

Higher order genomic organization and regulatory compartmentalization for cell cycle control at the G1/S-phase transition.

Fidelity of histone gene regulation, and ultimately of histone protein biosynthesis, is obligatory for packaging of newly replicated DNA into chromatin. Control of histone gene expression within the 3-dimensional context of nuclear organization is reflected by two well documented observations. DNA replication-dependent histone mRNAs are synthesized at specialized subnuclear domains designated histone locus bodies (HLBs), in response to activation of the growth factor dependent Cyclin E/CDK2/HINFP/NPAT pathway at the G1/S transition in mammalian cells.

Mitotically-Associated lncRNA (MANCR) Affects Genomic Stability and Cell Division in Aggressive Breast Cancer.

Aggressive breast cancer is difficult to treat as it is unresponsive to many hormone-based therapies; therefore, it is imperative to identify novel, targetable regulators of progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are important regulators in breast cancer and have great potential as therapeutic targets; however, little is known about how the majority of lncRNAs function within breast cancer. This study characterizes a novel lncRNA, MANCR (mitotically-associated long noncoding RNA; LINC00704), which is upregulated in breast cancer patient specimens and cells.