RO and ChRCC are kidney tumours with overlapping characteristics, making differentiation between them challenging. The objective of this research is to create a radiogenomics map by correlating radiomic features to molecular phenotypes in ChRCC and RO, using resection as the gold standard. Fourteen patients (6 RO and 8 ChRCC) were included in the prospective study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProstate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer among elderly males in Western countries. TRUS biopsy remains a standard diagnosing approach for prostate cancer but poses notable risks, particularly in older men, including complications such as sepsis, acute retention, and rectal bleeding, which can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate cancer-specific survival outcomes in men aged over 80 years and whether there is any cancer-specific survival advantage for TRUS biopsy procedure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYangtze finless porpoise (YFP) is a critically endangered species in China. It has been found that YFP is constantly exposed to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in aquatic environments, leading to significant bioaccumulation. However, the impacts of PFOS on YFP health and survival are still unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe efficiency of water distribution at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels in the Indus Basin Irrigation System (IBIS) has historically suffered due to poor design, suboptimal operation, and water scarcity. To address these issues, the system has been designed with ungated irrigation outlets to ensure equitable water allocation at secondary and tertiary levels. This research evaluates the hydraulic performance of three irrigation outlets: adjustable proportional module (APM), adjustable orifice semi-module (AOSM), and open flume (OF) using a physical model study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUpper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) presents significant challenges in prognostication due to its rarity and complex anatomy. This study introduces a novel approach integrating perirenal fat (PRF) radiomics with clinical factors to enhance prognostic accuracy in UTUC. The study retrospectively analyzed 103 UTUC patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Multiparametric ultrasound (mpUS) enhances prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis by using multiple imaging modalities. Tissue-mimicking materials (TMM) phantoms, favoured over animal models for ethical and consistency reasons, were created using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with varying molecular weights (Mw).
Methods: Four PVA samples, varying in Mw with constant concertation, were mixed with glycerol, silicon carbide (SiC), and aluminium oxide (AlO).
Social separation, or the absence of social support, can cause physical and psychological health issues. Social separation is crucial for the welfare of the Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP) in captivity because they face many challenges like frequent social separation, noise from visitors, and animal replacement, which can cause psychological and physiological stress. This research is aimed at assessing the potential negative impacts of social separation on the gut microbiome and metabolome of captive YFP, focusing on the potential imbalances caused by mother-calf separation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To systematically synthesize existing reported literature calculating the carbon footprint (CFP) of urological surgical practice and identify opportunities for improving the environmental impact of urology surgical practice.
Methods: A systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines. The Cochrane, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched between 1971 and 2023, with inclusion and exclusion criteria.
In group-living animals, chronic juvenile social isolation stress (SIS) can profoundly affect behavior and neuroendocrine regulation. However, its impact on social behavior in avian species, particularly regarding sex-specific neural circuit differences, remains underexplored. This study focused on zebra finches, a species known for its social clustering and cognitive abilities, to elucidate these influences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo assess the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound (CE-EUS) for autoimmune pancreatitis and other solid pancreatic masses. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed from inception to October 2022. We calculated individual and pooled sensitivities and specificities to determine the diagnostic ability of CE-EUS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUpper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis. The accurate prediction of survival and recurrence in UTUC is crucial for effective risk stratification and guiding therapeutic decisions. Models combining radiomics and clinicopathological data features derived from computed tomographic urograms (CTUs) can be a way to predict survival and recurrence in UTUC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYangtze finless porpoises (YFP) accumulate high levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). However, the health impacts of PFASs to YFP are still unknown because it is technically and ethically unfeasible to use the critically endangered YFP in toxicological exposures. To uncover the potential toxicities of PFASs to YFP, this study exposed a YFP umbilical cord fibroblast cell line to perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), an emerging PFASs pollutant in the aquatic environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGestation period in captive Yangtze finless porpoise (YFP) is a well-coordinated and dynamic process, involving both systemic and local alterations. The gut microbiota and its connection to fecal metabolites are crucial in supporting fetal development and ensuring maternal health during reproductive stages. This study evaluates changes in the gut microbiota and their correlation with fecal metabolites in captive YFPs during different reproductive stages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent advancements in in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) vaccine manufacturing have attracted considerable interest as advanced methods for combating viral infections. The respiratory mucosa is a primary target for pathogen attack, but traditional intramuscular vaccines are not effective in generating protective ion mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization can induce both systemic and mucosal immunity by effectively eliminating microorganisms before their growth and development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMedical imaging has allowed for significant advancements in the field of ultrasound procedures over the years. However, each imaging modality exhibits distinct limitations that differently affect their accuracy. It is imperative to ensure the quality of each modality to identify and eliminate these limitations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo create a radiogenomics map and evaluate the correlation between molecular and imaging phenotypes in localized prostate cancer (PCa), using radical prostatectomy histopathology as a reference standard. Radiomic features were extracted from T2-weighted (T2WI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) images of clinically localized PCa patients (n = 15) across different Gleason score-based risk categories. DNA extraction was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare, aggressive lesion, with early detection a key to its management. This study aimed to utilise computed tomographic urogram data to develop machine learning models for predicting tumour grading and staging in upper urothelial tract carcinoma patients and to compare these predictions with histopathological diagnosis used as reference standards.
Methods: Protocol-based computed tomographic urogram data from 106 patients were obtained and visualised in 3D.
Background: Prostate cancer is a prevalent cancer among men. Multiparametric ultrasound [mpUS] is a diagnostic instrument that uses various types of ultrasounds to diagnose it. This systematic review aims to evaluate the performance of different parametric ultrasounds in diagnosing prostate cancer by associating with radical prostatectomy specimens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Renal cancers are among the top ten causes of cancer-specific mortality, of which the ccRCC subtype is responsible for most cases. The grading of ccRCC is important in determining tumour aggressiveness and clinical management.
Objectives: The objectives of this research were to predict the WHO/ISUP grade of ccRCC pre-operatively and characterise the heterogeneity of tumour sub-regions using radiomics and ML models, including comparison with pre-operative biopsy-determined grading in a sub-group.
Objective: To investigate the safety and prognosis of enbloc or piecemeal removal after enbloc resection of a gastric GIST by comparing the clinical data of endoscopic en block resection and piecemeal removal (EP) and en block resection and complete removal (EC) of gastric GISTs.
Methods: A total of 111 (43 endoscopic piecemeal, and 68 complete removal) patients with gastric GIST's ≥ 2 cm in diameter who underwent endoscopic therapy from January 2016 to June 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed. In all cases, it was ensured that the tumor was intact during the resection, however, it was divided into EP group and EC group based on whether the tumor was completely removed or was cut into pieces which were then removed.