caused leaf spot disease in Bayberry in Guizhou, China.

Bayberry (Myrica rubra) is one of the most important fruit in China. In July 2023, circular leaf spots were noted on spring bayberry (cv. Dongkui Arbutus) tree planted in Guanshanhu, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (26°37'3"N，106°39'59"E).

A comprehensive review of integrated management strategies for damping-off disease in chili.

Damping-off disease in chili ( L.) cultivation is a significant global issue, severely affecting seeds, seedlings, and young plants, regardless of the location of cultivation, whether in greenhouses or open fields. Despite chili being a widely popular vegetable used in various cuisines globally, farmers face challenges in meeting the growing demand due to the extensive damage caused by this disease, ranging from 20 to 85%.

First report of wheat dwarf bunt caused by Kühn in Pakistan.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is critical to food security worldwide. Wheat dwarf bunt is caused by Tilletia controversa Kühn and can cause 70-80% losses under severe condition (Trione et al.

Ceratocystis fimbriata Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot of Pear in Punjab, Pakistan.

Pear (Pyrus communis) is an important deciduous fruit cultivated on a worldwide scale including Pakistan. During August 2021, a postharvest fruit rot disease was observed on several pears at various farmers market in Okara- a district of Punjab Province, Pakistan. The incidence of the disease varied from 7 to 20% with 35% disease severity.

Intelligent reprogramming of wheat for enhancement of fungal and nematode disease resistance using advanced molecular techniques.

Wheat ( L.) diseases are major factors responsible for substantial yield losses worldwide, which affect global food security. For a long time, plant breeders have been struggling to improve wheat resistance against major diseases by selection and conventional breeding techniques.

Development of real-time PCR and droplet digital PCR based marker for the detection of inciting common bunt of wheat.

This is the first study reporting droplet digital PCR and quantitative real time PCR for detection of (syn. ), which causes common bunt of wheat and leads to yield losses of 80% in many wheat growing areas worldwide. To establish an accurate, rapid and quantifiable detection method, we tested 100 inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers and obtained a species-specific fragment (515 bp) generated by ISSR 827.

Metabolomic Analysis of Wheat Grains after Kühn Infection by Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Q-Exactive Mass Spectrometry.

causes common bunt disease in wheat, with severe losses of production yield and seed quality. Metabolomics studies provide detailed information about the biochemical changes at the cell and tissue level of the plants. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-Q-exactive mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-MS) was used to examine the changes in wheat grains after infection.

Corrigendum: Role of Promising Secondary Metabolites to Confer Resistance Against Environmental Stresses in Crop Plants: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.

ITRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis of Wheat () Spikes in Response to Kühn and Kühn Infection, Causal Organisms of Dwarf Bunt and Common Bunt of Wheat.

Dwarf bunt and common bunt diseases of wheat are caused by Kühn and Kühn, respectively, and losses caused by these diseases can reach 70-80% in favourable conditions. and are fungal pathogens belonging to the within the basidiomycetous smut fungi (). In order to illuminate the proteomics differences of wheat spikes after the infection of and , the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique was used for better clarification.

Characterization of Rhizosphere Microbial Communities for Disease Incidence and Optimized Concentration of Difenoconazole Fungicide for Controlling of Wheat Dwarf Bunt.

Rhizosphere soil microorganisms have great agricultural importance. To explore the relationship between rhizosphere microorganisms and the disease incidence, and to optimize the concentration of difenoconazole fungicide for the control of wheat dwarf bunt, caused by Kühn, the rhizosphere microorganisms were characterized based on sequencing methods. We found that the disease incidence correlated with the relative abundance of some microbial communities, such as Acidobacteria, Nocardioides, Roseiflexaceae, Pyrinomonadaceae, and Gemmatimonadaceae.

Role of Promising Secondary Metabolites to Confer Resistance Against Environmental Stresses in Crop Plants: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives.

Plants often face incompatible growing environments like drought, salinity, cold, frost, and elevated temperatures that affect plant growth and development leading to low yield and, in worse circumstances, plant death. The arsenal of versatile compounds for plant consumption and structure is called metabolites, which allows them to develop strategies to stop enemies, fight pathogens, replace their competitors and go beyond environmental restraints. These elements are formed under particular abiotic stresses like flooding, heat, drought, cold, etc.

Transcriptomics Analysis of Wheat Tassel Response to Kühn, Which Causes Common Bunt of Wheat.

Kühn [synonym (Wallr.) Liro] can lead to a wheat common bunt, which is one of the most serious diseases affecting kernels, a serious reduction in grain yield, and losses can reach up to 80% in favorable environments. To understand how wheat tassels respond to , based on an RNA-Seq technology, we analyzed a host transcript accumulation on healthy wheat tassels and on tassels infected by the pathogen.

Metabolomics analysis of grains of wheat infected and noninfected with Tilletia controversa Kühn.

Dwarf bunt caused by the pathogen Tilletia controversa Kühn is one of the most serious quarantine diseases of winter wheat. Metabolomics studies provide detailed information about the biochemical changes at the cell and tissue levels of plants. In the present study, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) metabolomics approach was used to investigate the changes in the grain metabolomics of infected and noninfected with T.

Wheat Varietal Response to J. G. Kühn Using qRT-PCR and Laser Confocal Microscopy.

J. G. Kühn is a causal organism of dwarf bunt in wheat.

Characterization of histological changes at the tillering stage (Z21) in resistant and susceptible wheat plants infected by Tilletia controversa Kühn.

Background: Dwarf bunt, which is caused by Tilletia controversa Kühn, is a soilborne and seedborne disease that occurs worldwide and can lead to 70% or even total losses of wheat crops. However, very little information is available about the histological changes that occur in dwarf bunt-resistant and dwarf bunt-susceptible wheat plants at the tillering stage (Z21). In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to characterize the histological changes at this stage in resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars infected by T.

Transcriptome analysis of wheat spikes in response to Tilletia controversa Kühn which cause wheat dwarf bunt.

Wheat dwarf bunt is caused by Tilletia controversa Kühn, which is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat worldwide. To explore the interaction of T. controversa and wheat, we analysed the transcriptome profile of spikes of the susceptible wheat cultivar Dongxuan 3, which was subjected to a T.

Methyljasmonate and salicylic acid contribute to the control of Tilletia controversa Kühn, causal agent of wheat dwarf bunt.

Tilletia controversa Kühn (TCK) is the causal agent of dwarf bunt of wheat, a destructive disease in wheat-growing regions of the world. The role of Meja, SA and Meja + SA were characterized for their control of TCK into roots, coleoptiles and anthers. The response of the defence genes PR-10a, Catalase, COI1-1, COII-2 and HRin1 was upregulated by Meja, SA and Meja + SA treatments, but Meja induced high level of expression compared to SA and Meja + SA at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in roots and coleoptiles, respectively.

Development of droplet digital PCR for the detection of Tilletia laevis, which causes common bunt of wheat, based on the SCAR marker derived from ISSR and real-time PCR.

Common bunt of wheat caused by Tilletia laevis and/or T. caries (syn. T.

Characterization of the wheat cultivars against Tilletia controversa Kühn, causal agent of wheat dwarf bunt.

Wheat is one of the most important staple crops. Tilletia controversa Kühn is the causal agent of wheat dwarf bunt. In this study, a resistant wheat cultivar displayed significantly higher expression of pathogenesis-related genes than a susceptible cultivar at 7 days post inoculation (DPI) with T.

Development of the Droplet Digital PCR to Detect the Teliospores of Kühn in the Soil With Greatly Enhanced Sensitivity.

Background And Aims: The dwarf bunt disease of wheat is caused by Kühn. This pathogen is primarily involved in the stunted growth of wheat and affects seed quality. Many countries in the world have therefore imposed quarantine bans to prevent the spread of .