Status of Inappropriate Complementary Feeding and Its Associated Factors Among Infants of 9-23 Months.

Inappropriate complementary feeding during the first two years of life significantly impacts children's health, increasing risks of malnutrition and illness. : This study investigates factors influencing early feeding patterns among 600 mothers of children aged 9-23 months in selected hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected and analyzed, with associations measured by odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Pathogenic nsSNPs of protein kinase C-eta with hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health concern. Due to late diagnosis and limited therapeutic strategies, HCC based mortality rate is exponentially increasing globally. Genetic predisposition is a non-avoidable intrinsic factor that could alter the genome sequence, ultimately leading to HCC.

Changes in Metabolite Profiles of Chinese Soy Sauce at Different Time Durations of Fermentation Studied by H-NMR-Based Metabolomics.

Fermentation parameters, especially the duration, are important in imparting a peculiar taste and flavor to soy sauce. The main purpose of this research was to monitor metabolic changes occurring during the various time intervals of the fermentation process. NMR-based metabolomics was used to monitor the compositional changes in soy sauce during fermentation.

Pharmacological potential of micheliolide: A focus on anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.

Micheliolide (MCL) is a chief constituent of plants such as L. (Maxim.) Sarg and L.

Nanoscale Luminescence Imaging/Detection of Single Particles: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects.

Single-particle-level measurements, during the reaction, avoid averaging effects that are inherent limitations of conventional ensemble strategies. It allows revealing structure-activity relationships beyond averaged properties by considering crucial particle-selective descriptors including structure/morphology dynamics, intrinsic heterogeneity, and dynamic fluctuations in reactivity (kinetics, mechanisms). In recent years, numerous luminescence (optical) techniques such as chemiluminescence (CL), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and fluorescence (FL) microscopies have been emerging as dominant tools to achieve such measurements, owing to their diversified spectroscopy principles, noninvasive nature, higher sensitivity, and sufficient spatiotemporal resolution.

Fabrication of Ternary MoS/CdS/BiS-Based Nano Composites for Photocatalytic Dye Degradation.

The synthesis and design of low-cost visible-light-active catalysts for the photodegradation of organic dyes have been regarded as an efficient way to use solar energy in addressing environmental issues. We report the fabrication of MoS/CdS nanoparticles functionalized with BiS nanoflakes. The ternary composites of "MoS/CdS/BiS" were synthesized in situ by a hydrothermal method at different temperatures.

Energy Level Prediction of Organic Semiconductors for Photodetectors and Mining of a Photovoltaic Database to Search for New Building Units.

Due to the large versatility in organic semiconductors, selecting a suitable (organic semiconductor) material for photodetectors is a challenging task. Integrating computer science and artificial intelligence with conventional methods in optimization and material synthesis can guide experimental researchers to develop, design, predict and discover high-performance materials for photodetectors. To find high-performance organic semiconductor materials for photodetectors, it is crucial to establish a relationship between photovoltaic properties and chemical structures before performing synthetic procedures in laboratories.

Antioxidant, Anti-Obesity, and Hypolipidemic Effects of Polyphenol Rich Star Anise () Tea in High-Fat-Sugar Diet-Induced Obesity Rat Model.

Star anise (Illicium verum Hook. fil.) is commonly utilized as a culinary and medicinal fruit and is most famous in indigenous systems of medicine.

Facile Synthesis of Diversely Functionalized Peptoids, Spectroscopic Characterization, and DFT-Based Nonlinear Optical Exploration.

Compounds having nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics have been proved to have a significant role in many academic and industrial areas; particularly, their leading role in surface interfaces, solid physics, materials, medicine, chemical dynamics, nuclear science, and biophysics is worth mentioning. In the present study, novel peptoids () were prepared in good yields via Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR). In addition to synthetic studies, computational calculations were executed to estimate the molecular electrostatic potential, natural bond orbital (NBO), frontier molecular orbital analysis, and NLO properties.

NMR for Mixture Analysis: Concentration-Ordered Spectroscopy.

A novel approach, concentration-ordered NMR spectroscopy (CORDY), is being proposed based on the principle that the ratio of the NMR peak area to its associated number of spins is proportional to the concentration of the assigned compound. Besides, prior information of chemical shift distribution and line shape characteristics of different chemical groups is utilized to shrink the solution space. CORDY generates a pseudo-two-dimensional NMR spectrum with chemical shifts in one axis and concentrations in the other, resulting in both separation and quantitation of components in complex samples.

Identification of metabolic kinetic patterns in different brain regions using metabolomics methods coupled with various discriminant approaches.

Metabolomics is widely used as a powerful technique for identifying metabolic patterns and functions of organs and biological systems. Normally, there are multiple groups/targets involved in data processed by discriminant analysis. This is more common in cerebral studies, as there are always several brain regions involved in neuronal studies or brain metabolic dysfunctions.

Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Regional Cerebral Free Fatty Acids in Rats Using the Stable Isotope Labeling Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method.

Free fatty acids serve as important bioactive molecules in the brain. They are involved in message transfer in the brain. There are many reports available in the literature regarding the role of cerebral fatty acids in message transfer; however, most of the studies are mainly focused on limited fatty acid species or only a few specific brain regions.

Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of Essential Oil from Leaves of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Native to Punjab, Pakistan.

Herbal medicines are widely used for the treatment of different types of diseases like skin and throat infections and other diseases in developing countries. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels fruit, leaves and bark were used for the remedies of different diseases anciently.

Accurate estimation of diffusion coefficient for molecular identification in a complex background.

To eliminate the effects of complex background signals and to enhance the accuracy of the diffusion coefficient measurement, derivative NMR spectroscopy with negligible loss of the spectral quality is introduced based on the customized Savitzky-Golay method and used to construct diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY). The criterion of the method was established by simulations. The application of this method on mouse urine and serum showed that the accuracy and precision of diffusion coefficient measurements in a complex background were improved to enhance the identification of molecules.

An untargeted C isotopic evaluation approach for the discrimination of fermented food matrices at natural abundance: Application to vinegar.

A non-destructive and comprehensive C isotopic evaluation approach based on H NMR spectroscopy was developed. The carbon isotope distribution (CID) of most of the components (S/N ≥ 1000) in food matrices were evaluated using frequency distribution of peak area ratios (PAR) of decoupling to non-C-decoupling spectra at natural abundance. The approach was applied successfully to vinegar and it was found that the PAR of fermented vinegars is obviously narrower than that of the blended one and the one produced via chemically defined culture medium.

A facile and concise route to (hydroxybenzoyl)pyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine heterocycle derivatives: synthesis, and structural, spectral and computational exploration.

In this work, we report the efficient synthesis of novel (hydroxybenzoyl)pyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine heterocycle derivatives: 6-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoyl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine-2,4(1,3)-dione (6a), 6-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzoyl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine-2,4(1,3)-dione (6b), 6-(5-ethyl-2-hydroxybenzoyl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine-2,4(1,3)-dione (6c) and 6-(2-hydroxy-5-isopropylbenzoyl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3-]pyrimidine-2,4(1,3)-dione (6d). The chemical structures of the title compounds were ascertained by spectral techniques including H, C NMR, UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopy as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD-DFT) computation were adopted to analyze the electronic structures of 6a-d.

Evaluation of metabolites extraction strategies for identifying different brain regions and their relationship with alcohol preference and gender difference using NMR metabolomics.

Metabolomics generate a profile of small molecules from cellular/tissue metabolism, which could directly reflect the mechanisms of complex networks of biochemical reactions. Traditional metabolomics methods, such as OPLS-DA, PLS-DA are mainly used for binary class discrimination. Multiple groups are always involved in the biological system, especially for brain research.

Proteomics and metabolomics analysis of hepatic mitochondrial metabolism in alcohol-preferring and non-preferring rats.

Alcohol preference induced tolerance in humans and animals when their bodily functions adapt to compensate for the disruption caused by alcohol consumption. This was thought to be an important component of the genetic predisposition to alcoholism. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of hepatic metabolic tolerance during alcohol preference, the alcohol preferring and alcohol non-preferring rats were used in this study.

Specific patterns of spinal metabolites underlying α-Me-5-HT-evoked pruritus compared with histamine and capsaicin assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

The mechanism behind itching is not well understood. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) spectroscopic analysis of spinal cord extracts provides a quick modality for evaluating the specific metabolic activity of α-Me-5-HT-evoked pruritus mice. In the current study, four groups of young adult male C57Bl/6 mice were investigated; one group treated with saline, while the other groups intradermally injected with α-Me-5-HT (histamine independent pruritogen), histamine (histamine dependent pruritogen) and capsaicin (algogenic substance), respectively.

Reconstructing diffusion ordered NMR spectroscopy by simultaneous inversion of Laplace transform.

2D diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) has been widely recognized as a powerful tool for analyzing mixtures and probing inter-molecular interactions in situ. But it is difficult to differentiate molecules with similar diffusion coefficients in presence of overlapped spectra. Its performance is susceptible to the number of chemical components, and usually gets worse when the number of components increases.

Variation in Phenolic Profile, β-Carotene and Flavonoid Contents, Biological Activities of Two Tagetes Species from Pakistani Flora.

The objective of present study was to evaluate the variation in phenolic profile, β-carotene, flavonoid contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Tagetes erecta and Tagetes patula (T. erecta and T. patula) through different in vitro assays.

(13)C-NMR-Based Metabolomic Profiling of Typical Asian Soy Sauces.

It has been a strong consumer interest to choose high quality food products with clear information about their origin and composition. In the present study, a total of 22 Asian soy sauce samples have been analyzed in terms of (13)C-NMR spectroscopy. Spectral data were analyzed by multivariate statistical methods in order to find out the important metabolites causing the discrimination among typical soy sauces from different Asian regions.

Compositional differences among Chinese soy sauce types studied by (13)C NMR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate statistical analysis.

Soy sauce a well known seasoning all over the world, especially in Asia, is available in global market in a wide range of types based on its purpose and the processing methods. Its composition varies with respect to the fermentation processes and addition of additives, preservatives and flavor enhancers. A comprehensive (1)H NMR based study regarding the metabonomic variations of soy sauce to differentiate among different types of soy sauce available on the global market has been limited due to the complexity of the mixture.