Genetic Warfare: The Plant Genome's Role in Fending Off Insect Invaders.

The plant defense against insects is multiple layers of interactions. They defend through direct defense and indirect defense. Direct defenses include both physical and chemical barriers that hinder insect growth, development, and reproduction.

Impact of plant monoterpenes on insect pest management and insect-associated microbes.

The fight against insect pests primarily relies on the utilization of synthetic insecticides. However, improper application of these chemicals can lead to detrimental effects on both the environment and human health, as well as foster the development of insect resistance. Consequently, novel strategies must be implemented to address the challenges stemming from the prolonged use of synthetic insecticides in agricultural and public health environments.

Citrus psyllid management by collective involvement of plant resistance, natural enemies and entomopathogenic fungi.

Crops face constant threats from insect pests, which can lead to sudden disasters and global famine. One of the most dangerous pests is the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), which poses a significant threat to citrus plantations worldwide. Effective and adaptive management strategies to combat ACP are always in demand.

Assessment of residues from common pesticides and associated risks in Pakistan.

Pesticide residues have become an escalating concern in Pakistan, raising significant risks to both public health and the environment. This review overviews the current status of pesticide contamination in the country, with a specific focus on residue levels in relation to Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and a comparative analysis with regional and global counterparts. Several studies reveal that 30% to 70% of tested food products, including fruits, vegetables, and animal-derived products, especially in Punjab and Sindh, exceed established MRLs.

Demography and predatory potential of on eggs of at two temperatures.

Background: The polyphagous predatory bug Poppius (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is an active predator used to control many insect pests of agricultural crops. species are significantly affected by the type of food and temperature.

Method: A study of feeding on L.

Design, synthesis, in vitro, and in silico anti-α-glucosidase assays of N-phenylacetamide-1,2,3-triazole-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives as new anti-diabetic agents.

In this work, a novel series of N-phenylacetamide-1,2,3-triazole-indole-2-carboxamide derivatives 5a-n were designed by consideration of the potent α-glucosidase inhibitors containing indole and carboxamide-1,2,3-triazole-N-phenylacetamide moieties. These compounds were synthesized by click reaction and evaluated against yeast α-glucosidase. All the newly title compounds demonstrated superior potency when compared with acarbose as a standard inhibitor.

Exploring the risk of microplastics to pollinators: focusing on honey bees.

The rapid increase in global plastic production and usage has led to global environmental contamination, with microplastics (MPs) emerging as a significant concern. Pollinators provide a crucial ecological service, while bee populations have been declining in recent years, and MPs have been recognized as a new risk factor contributing to their losses. Despite the pervasive distribution and persistence of MPs, understanding their risks to honey bees remains a critical knowledge gap.

Harnessing Phytohormones: Advancing Plant Growth and Defence Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture.

Phytohormones, pivotal regulators of plant growth and development, are increasingly recognized for their multifaceted roles in enhancing crop resilience against environmental stresses. In this review, we provide a comprehensive synthesis of current research on utilizing phytohormones to enhance crop productivity and fortify their defence mechanisms. Initially, we introduce the significance of phytohormones in orchestrating plant growth, followed by their potential utilization in bolstering crop defences against diverse environmental stressors.

Assessing the ecological impact of pesticides/herbicides on algal communities: A comprehensive review.

The escalating use of pesticides in agriculture for enhanced crop productivity threatens aquatic ecosystems, jeopardizing environmental integrity and human well-being. Pesticides infiltrate water bodies through runoff, chemical spills, and leachate, adversely affecting algae, vital primary producers in marine ecosystems. The repercussions cascade through higher trophic levels, underscoring the need for a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between pesticides, algae, and the broader ecosystem.

Immunomodulatory and anti-cancer potential of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) bud extract and its phytogenic silver nanoparticles.

Clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum) is one of the Myrtaceae family. It's a common flavor in food and the traditional medicine. The study's objective was to ascertain whether the clove bud aqueous extract (CAE) and CAE + nanosilver have any biological effects on immune cells and HT-29 colon cancer cell line.

Correction: The impact of NPK fertilizer on growth and nutrient accumulation in juniper (Juniperus procera) trees grown on fire-damaged and intact soils.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Jasmonic acid boosts the salt tolerance of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by upregulating its osmolytes and antioxidant mechanism.

As a lipid-derived compound, jasmonic acid (JA) regulates growth and defense against environmental stresses. An exogenous foliar JA application was investigated in our study (HA; 0.5 mM) on kidney bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Gut microbial diversity in and colonies: a comparative study.

Introduction: Honey bee gut microbiota have an important role in host health, nutrition, host-symbiont interaction, and interaction behavior with the surrounding environment. Recent discoveries of strain-level variation, characteristics of protective and nutritional capabilities, and reports of eco-physiological significance to the microbial community have emphasized the importance of honey bee gut microbiota. Many regions of Asia and Africa are inhabited by the dwarf honey bee, .

Honey Bees Prefer Pollen Substitutes Rich in Protein Content Located at Short Distance from the Apiary.

The availability of floral resources is crucial for honey bee colonies because it allows them to obtain protein from pollen and carbohydrates from nectar; typically, they consume these nutrients in the form of bee bread, which has undergone fermentation. However, the intensification of agriculture, urbanization, changes to the topography, and harsh environmental conditions are currently impacting foraging sites due to habitat loss and scarcity of food resources. Thus, this study aimed to assess honey bee preference for various pollen substitute diet compositions.

Chemical Characterization of Honey and Its Effect (Alone as well as with Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles) on Microbial Pathogens' and Human Cancer Cell Lines' Growth.

The antibacterial, anticancer, and wound-healing effects of honey can vary according to the type, geographical region, honey bee species, and source of the flowers. Nanotechnology is an innovative and emerging field of science with an enormous potential role in medical, cosmetics, and industrial usages globally. Metal nanoparticles that derived from silver and range between 1 nm and 100 nm in size are called silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).

Effect of Storage Time and Floral Origin on the Physicochemical Properties of Beeswax and the Possibility of Using It as a Phase Changing Material in the Thermal Storage Energy Technology.

Beeswax is a natural product that is primarily produced by honey bees of the genus . It has many uses in various kinds of industries, including pharmacy and medicine. This study investigated the effect of storage and floral origin on some physicochemical properties of four beeswax samples.

Nesting Biology and Ecology of a Resin Bee, (Megachilidae: Hymenoptera).

We report the nesting biology and ecology of Smith, 1853 for the first time in Pakistan. Wooden and bamboo trap nests were deployed at three different locations in Bahawalpur district, Pakistan, from January 2020 to May 2021. A total of 242 nests of were occupied in all three locations with the maximum abundance in the Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies.

Impact of Cadmium Stress on Growth and Physio-Biochemical Attributes of Mill.

Plants may experience adverse effects from Cadmium (Cd). As a result of its toxicity and mobility within the soil-plant continuum, it is attracting the attention of soil scientists and plant nutritionists. In this study, we subjected young Mill.

Lethal, Sub-Lethal and Trans-Generational Effects of Chlorantraniliprole on Biological Parameters, Demographic Traits, and Fitness Costs of (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Fall armyworm [ (J. E. Smith, 1797)] was first reported in the Americas, then spread to all the continents of the world.

Effective degradation of chloramphenicol in wastewater by activated peroxymonosulfate with Fe-rich porous biochar derived from petrochemical sludge.

Excess sludge produced from biological wastewater treatment plant in petroleum industry is a kind of hazardous solid waste. Converting the sludge into biochar catalysts may help to reduce its environmental risk, recover resources and increase economic efficiency. However, the role of the sludge biochar in persulfate activation remains unclear, limiting its application in removing organic pollutants from water body.

Jasmonic Acid Boosts Physio-Biochemical Activities in L. under Drought Stress.

It has been shown that jasmonic acid (JA) can alleviate drought stress. Nevertheless, there are still many questions regarding the JA-induced physiological and biochemical mechanisms that underlie the adaptation of plants to drought stress. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether JA application was beneficial for the antioxidant activity, plant performance, and growth of L.