Correlation of Anthropometry With Plasma Atherogenicity Indices in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, leading to complications in vital organs. Among these, dyslipidemia is common, presenting as low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), high triglycerides (TG), Apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B), and small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) predominance, collectively known as diabetic dyslipidemia. To assess the atherogenic risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and atherogenic coefficient (AC) provide valuable insights beyond routine lipid tests.

Cognitive Neurology Continuing Medical Education: History Taking and Bedside Mental Status Examination in a Patient with Dementia.

In a patient presenting with forgetfulness, history taking comprises asking questions pertaining to specific cognitive domains namely memory, language, executive function, visuospatial functions, and social cognition to characterize the clinical phenotype. The next step is to administer a standardized screening test for cognitive assessment, namely the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)/mini mental status examination (MMSE). These have been validated in five Indian languages.

Effects of Sulfonylureas and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors on Percentage Body Fat Change in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients on Metformin at 4 and 12 Weeks.

Introduction Anti-diabetic drugs used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a unique effect on the body weight and fat distribution of a patient. This study aimed to find out the change in percentage body fat and body composition with the addition of sulfonylureas or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors to metformin monotherapy. Methods An observational 12-week follow-up study was conducted with a sample size of 52 patients.

An Extremely Rare LAMA2 Gene Variant c.442C>T (p.Arg148Trp) Causing Late-Onset LAMA2-Related Dystrophy.

Mutations in the alpha-2 subunits of the laminin gene (LAMA2) cause an autosomal recessive congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) subtype known as laminin a2-related muscular dystrophies (LAMA2-RD). LAMA2-RD can present with a wide range of phenotypes ranging from severe infantile congenital muscular dystrophy to milder adult-onset limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. This case describes a 28-year-old Indian gentleman having childhood-onset focal seizures, gradually progressive proximal predominant lower-limb weakness for the past three years, elevated creatinine phosphokinase levels, and MRI brain suggestive of diffuse symmetrical periventricular white matter hyperintensities.

Adult-Onset Neuropsychiatric Symptoms as the Presenting Feature of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group G: A Report of a Rare Case.

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a rare autosomal recessive disorder resulting in heightened cutaneous photosensitivity due to aberrant DNA repair mechanisms. Early-life developmental delay and cognitive impairment have been described in xeroderma pigmentosum cases. However, psychiatric symptoms in adulthood as the presenting feature of xeroderma pigmentosum have not been reported.

Tubercular Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy Presenting as an Isolated Unilateral Vocal Cord Palsy and the "Sail" Sign.

Tuberculosis continues to remain a major public health challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Unilateral vocal cord palsy in adults as the sole manifestation of tubercular mediastinal lymphadenopathy has been rarely reported. A 22-year-old lady presented with a history of hoarseness of voice for the past month.

Iron Deficiency Anemia as a Potential Risk Factor for Unprovoked DVT in Young Patients: A Case Series.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition due to the occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PEs) in the acute phase. DVT can be provoked or unprovoked. Provoked DVT can be associated with transient or persistent causes.

A case of Weil's disease presenting as Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Leptospirosis presents in a biphasic manner: an early leptospiraemic phase and a late immune phase. In its severe form, it presents with multi-organ failure, also known as Weil's disease. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is an autoimmune hypersensitive reaction leading to diffuse fluid filled vesicle formation with detachment of skin and mucous membrane.

A rare case of abdominal cocoon caused by brucellosis.

is the most common zoonosis in the world and is also included among the neglected endemic zoonoses by the World Health Organization. Its clinical presentation is often vague and it is not frequently suspected. A thorough history of social-economic status and animal exposure is often missed.

Post-COVID Interstitial Lung Disease - The Looming Epidemic.

Introduction: As India recovers from the two waves of the Covid-19 pandemic, its sequelae are posing a new challenge to the physician. These may vary from fatigue and myalgia to persistent, and even worsening breathlessness, due to pulmonary fibrosis. Management of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis is currently limited to symptomatic management and largely an unexplored aspect.

The study of association of Vitamin B deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without diabetic nephropathy in North Indian Population.

Aim: Diabetic Mellitus is the chronic metabolic disorder associated with various complications of heart, eyes, nerves, kidney etc. Diabetic Nephropathy is one of the leading causes of death in diabetic patient. We hypothesized that decrease Vitamin B levels is associated with Diabetic Nephropathy.

Hypomagnesaemia: a modifiable risk factor of diabetic nephropathy.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous disease characterised by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin and insulin resistance. Diabetes is occurring at younger age in India. It is estimated that 20% of the type 2 DM patients reach end-stage renal disease (ESRD) during their lifetime.

The Association of Folic Acid Deficiency and Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Introduction: Diabetic Mellitus is the chronic metabolic illness characterised by hyperglycemia and various complications of heart, eyes, nerves, kidney etc. Diabetic Nephropathy is the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patient. We hypothesized that decreased serum folic acid levels are associated with Diabetic Nephropathy.

Assessment of quality of life in patients of end stage renal disease on different modalities of treatment.

This study was conducted to measure quality of life of patients with end stage renal disease on different modalities of treatment. A total of 30 diagnosed cases of end stage renal disease (ESRD) attending BPKIHS were included in the study. Group 1 included 10 patients on regular maintenance hemodialysis, group 2 included 10 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and group 3 included 10 patients on regular conservative drugs.

Acute peritoneal dialysis in eastern Nepal.

Objective: B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences is the only dialysis center outside the capital city of Nepal.

Granulomas in bone marrow--a study of fourteen cases.

Granulomas in bone marrow are an infrequent finding and several diseases are associated with granuloma formation. Clinicopathological details of fourteen cases showing granulomas in bone marrow were studied. Fever was the commonest clinical presentation and anaemia was seen in all cases.

Postcoital haemoperitoneum: a cause for shock.

Postcoital haemoperitoneum rarely occurs without evident vaginal injury. A 21-year-old second gravida woman presented to the ED in shock with a history of 8 weeks amenorrhoea and abdominal pain of 20 h duration. The ultrasound examination revealed a live intrauterine pregnancy and fluid in peritoneal cavity.

Plasma cell leukemia--a case report.

Plasma cell leukemia, occurring either de novo or in patients with long standing multiple myeloma, is the least common type of plasma cell dyscrasia. Histogenetically plasma cell leukemia is derived from terminally differentiated B cells. It is diagnosed by presence of absolute plasma cell count >2000/cm or >20% circulating plasma cells.

Reactive arthritis, psoriasiform lesions and protein loosing enteropathy secondary to Strongyloidiasis.

Reactive arthritis is associated with demonstrable infection at a distant site without evidence of sepsis at the affected joint(s). We present a rare case reactive arthritis where no bacterial or chlamydial infections could be established, rather larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis could be demonstrated in the stool and duodenal biopsy. Reactive arthritis, psoriasiform lesions and malabsorption with hypoproteinaemia, responded to successful treatment with antihelminthic drugs.