Auditory rhythm encoding during the last trimester of human gestation: From tracking the basic beat to tracking hierarchical nested temporal structures.

Rhythm perception and synchronization to periodicity hold fundamental neurodevelopmental importance for language acquisition, musical behavior, and social communication. Rhythm is omnipresent in the fetal auditory world and newborns demonstrate sensitivity to auditory rhythmic cues. During the last trimester of gestation, the brain begins to respond to auditory stimulation and to code the auditory environment.

Automatic detection and characterization of maturational neurobiomarkers identified as nested oscillations in premature newborns using high-density electroencephalography.

Neural development leads to the evolution of electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics during the third trimester of gestation. Theta activity in coalescence with slow waves (TA-SW) and delta brushes (DB) are key clinical neurobiomarkers in the evaluation of neurodevelopment in infants prior to full-term gestation. Both neurobiomarkers exhibit nested oscillations, a key feature of intrinsic spontaneous oscillatory activity, allowing the investigation of neural interaction development in the underlying circuits.

Neural oscillations suggest periodicity encoding during auditory beat processing in the premature brain.

When exposed to rhythmic patterns with temporal regularity, adults exhibit an inherent ability to extract and anticipate an underlying sequence of regularly spaced beats, which is internally constructed, as beats are experienced even when no events occur at beat positions (e.g., in the case of rests).

Compliance with antibiotic therapy guidelines in french paediatric intensive care units: a multicentre observational study.

Background: Bacterial infections (BIs) are widespread in ICUs. The aims of this study were to assess compliance with antibiotic recommendations and factors associated with non-compliance.

Methods: We conducted an observational study in eight French Paediatric and Neonatal ICUs with an antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) organised once a week for the most part.

Rhythm in the Premature Neonate Brain: Very Early Processing of Auditory Beat and Meter.

The ability to extract rhythmic structure is important for the development of language, music, and social communication. Although previous studies show infants' brains entrain to the periodicities of auditory rhythms and even different metrical interpretations (e.g.

Preterm neonates distinguish rhythm violation through a hierarchy of cortical processing.

Rhythm is a fundamental component of the auditory world, present even during the prenatal life. While there is evidence that some auditory capacities are already present before birth, whether and how the premature neural networks process auditory rhythm is yet not known. We investigated the neural response of premature neonates at 30-34 weeks gestational age to violations from rhythmic regularities in an auditory sequence using high-resolution electroencephalography and event-related potentials.

Evolution of cross-frequency coupling between endogenous oscillations over the temporal cortex in very premature neonates.

Temporal theta activity in coalescence with slow-wave (TTA-SW) is one of the first neurobiomarkers of the neurodevelopment of perisylvian networks in the electroencephalography (EEG). Dynamic changes in the microstructure and activity within neural networks are reflected in the EEG. Slow oscillation slope can reflect synaptic strength, and cross-frequency coupling (CFC), associated with several putative functions in adults, can reflect neural communication.

Parents as coronavirus disease-19 carriers in intrafamily settings: Cases of severe forms in a family cluster.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection that started in China in December 2019 has subsequently spread too many countries worldwide with high contagiousness. Given the spread and the current debate on the management and origin of intrafamilial clusters of COVID-19, this case highlights how essential it has become to prompt quarantine for the whole family and any contact member who may be at risk of infection. For this, the management of family clusters requires specific guidelines that need to be prepared to help clinicians and families to better face the disease, especially the risk of developing severe forms.

Patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants is associated with cardiac autonomic alteration and predominant parasympathetic stimulation.

Background: Hemodynamic disorders in patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) may alter the stimulation of the autonomic nervous system.

Aim: The objective of this study was to analyze the orthosympathetic-parasympathetic balance in preterm infants with PDA.

Study Design And Subjects: Patients were included from consecutive admissions to Amiens University Hospital from 2009 to 2011.