Effects of Moringa oleifera seed extract on growth and immunophysiology of whisker catfish (Mystus gulio) fingerlings.

In aquaculture, phytobiotics are used as growth promoters, immunomodulators, antioxidants, and stress mitigators in several fish species. Herein, we assess the impact of Moringa oleifera seeds petroleum ether extracts (MSE) on growth, hematological, and biochemical responses in whisker catfish (Mystus gulio). A total of 120 M.

Morphology Engineering of the Asymmetric PS--P4VP Block Copolymer: From Porous to Nanodot Oxide Structures.

In the present work, we demonstrate the formation of oxide porous and nanodot structures from the same block copolymer (BCP) by the phase inversion of a BCP template. We investigated the effect of solvent annealing time on the ordering of asymmetric, cylinder forming, polystyrene--poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS--P4VP) BCP. Phase separation of PS--P4VP was achieved by solvent vapor annealing (SVA) in a solvent atmosphere that is (partially) selective to P4VP to initially generate hexagonally arranged, cylindrical arrays of the expected structure.

Does scarcity increase or decrease donation behaviors? An investigation considering resource-specific scarcity and individual person-thing orientation.

Unlabelled: Extant research remains equivocal with respect to whether scarcity increases or decreases charitable behaviors. This research suggests a reconciliation by considering a donor's , and their (PTO), a novel personality variable that determines whether individuals are naturally attuned towards people versus things in their environment. Person-orientation predisposes preferences towards donating time, while thing-orientation predisposes preferences towards donating money.

Phylogenetic analysis, molecular characterization and virulence profiling based on toxoflavin gene of an Indian BG1 strain of causing panicle blight of rice.

Unlabelled: Bacterial panicle blight (BPB) caused by (BG) has become significantly more prevalent in the rice-growing regions of North India. Based on virulence screening and in vitro quantification of toxoflavin, the BG strains were classified as hyper- (BG1 and BG3), moderate- (BG2, BG4, BG6, BG8, and BG9), and hypo- (BG5, BG7, and BG10) virulent. Plant inoculation assays with cell-free culture filtrate revealed strains with higher toxoflavin-producing ability had higher virulence.

Complete genome resource unravels the close relation of an Indian pv. strain IXOBB0003 with Philippines strain causing bacterial blight of rice.

Unlabelled: pv. (Xoo) is a pathogen of concern for rice growers as it limits the production potential of rice varieties worldwide. Due to their high genomic plasticity, the pathogen continues to evolve, nullifying the deployed resistance mechanisms.

Gonad recrudescence and annual sex steroid patterns in female goldspot mullet, Liza parsia reared in brackishwater pond.

Goldspot mullet, Liza parsia is a commercially important fish of South East Asia, where its farming depends on wild seed resources due to unavailability of hatchery technology. It, therefore, is important to understand the annual reproductive cycle of female L. parsia in captivity.

Diffusion-Induced Ingress of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 into the Charge Conducting Path of a Pentacene Channel for Efficient Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva Samples.

Rapid and accurate identification of a pathogen is crucial for disease control and prevention of the epidemic of emerging infectious like SARS-CoV-2. However, no foolproof gold standard assay exists to date. Nucleic acid-based molecular diagnostic tests have been established for identifying COVID-19.

Fabrication of Dimensional and Structural Controlled Open Pore, Mesoporous Silica Topographies on a Substrate.

Open pore mesoporous silica (MPS) thin films and channels were prepared on a substrate surface. The pore dimension, thickness and ordering of the MPS thin films were controlled by using different concentrations of the precursor and molecular weight of the pluronics. Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques were utilized to determine the alignment and ordering of the pores.

Rice transcriptome upon infection with pv. relative to its avirulent T3SS-defective strain exposed modulation of many stress responsive genes.

Unlabelled: pv. (Xoo) is a destructive pathogen that causes bacterial blight disease of rice worldwide. Xoo uses T3SS (type III secretion system) effectors to subvert rice innate immunity.

Sub-25 nm Inorganic and Dielectric Nanopattern Arrays on Substrates: A Block Copolymer-Assisted Lithography.

A range of well-ordered inorganic (antimony, tin, and tungsten oxide) and dielectric (silica, alumina, and hafnia) nanoparticles and nanowire array patterns are created on substrates by a low-cost block copolymer (BCP) approach. A cylindrical-phase PS--PEO BCP is used as a template with hexagonally ordered perpendicular or parallel orientation of PEO cylinders. The solvent annealing parameters such as solvents, temperature, time, and so forth are optimized to achieve the desired patterns.

Fabrication of Graphoepitaxial Gate-All-Around Si Circuitry Patterned Nanowire Arrays Using Block Copolymer Assisted Hard Mask Approach.

We demonstrate the fabrication of sub-20 nm gate-all-around silicon (Si) nanowire field effect transistor structures using self-assembly. To create nanopatterned Si feature arrays, a block-copolymer-assisted hard mask approach was utilized using a topographically patterned substrate with well-defined SiN features for graphoepitaxially alignment of the self-assembled patterns. Microphase-separated long-range ordered polystyrene--poly(ethylene oxide) (PS--PEO) block-copolymer-derived dot and line nanopatterns were achieved by a thermo-solvent approach within the substrate topographically defined channels of various widths and lengths.

Structural Evolution of Nanophase Separated Block Copolymer Patterns in Supercritical CO.

Nanopatterns can readily be formed by annealing block copolymers (BCPs) in organic solvents at moderate or high temperatures. However, this approach can be challenging from an environmental and industrial point of view. Herein, we describe a simple and environmentally friendly alternative to achieve periodically ordered nanoscale phase separated BCP structures.

Pondicherry declaration on the identification and detection of .

Stake holders meet on "Identification and Detection of " was conducted on July 21, 2019 at Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth Deemed-to-be-University, Pondicherry. This programme was of national importance, since the amoebiasis is being increasingly reported from different parts of India because of poor socioeconomic conditions and sanitation levels. Experts in amoebiasis research across India attended this meeting.

Large-Area Fabrication of Vertical Silicon Nanotube Arrays Toroidal Micelle Self-Assembly.

We present a highly scalable, room-temperature strategy for fabricating vertical silicon nanotube arrays derived from a toroidal micelle pattern a water vapor-induced block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly mechanism. A polystyrene--poly(ethylene oxide) (PS--PEO) BCP system can be self-assembled into toroidal micelle structures (diameter: 400-600 nm) on a PS-OH-modified substrate in a facile manner contrasting with other complex processes described in the literature. It was found that a minimum PS--PEO thickness of ∼86 nm is required for the toroidal self-assembly.

Complete Genome Sequence of Indian Race 4 of pv. , the Causal Agent of Bacterial Blight of Rice.

pv. , the causal bacterium of bacterial blight limits rice production globally. Currently, genome sequences for only a few pv.

Fabrication of Si and Ge nanoarrays through graphoepitaxial directed hardmask block copolymer self-assembly.

Films of self assembled diblock copolymers (BCPs) have attracted significant attention for generating semiconductor nanoarrays of sizes below 100 nm through a simple low cost approach for device fabrication. A challenging abstract is controlling microdomain orientation and ordering dictated by complex interplay of surface energies, polymer-solvent interactions and domain spacing. In context, microphase separated poly (styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) thin films is illustrated to fabricate nanopatterns on silicon and germanium materials trenches.

Development of Ordered, Porous (Sub-25 nm Dimensions) Surface Membrane Structures Using a Block Copolymer Approach.

In an effort to develop block copolymer lithography to create high aspect vertical pore arrangements in a substrate surface we have used a microphase separated poly(ethylene oxide) -b- polystyrene (PEO-b-PS) block copolymer (BCP) thin film where (and most unusually) PS not PEO is the cylinder forming phase and PEO is the majority block. Compared to previous work, we can amplify etch contrast by inclusion of hard mask material into the matrix block allowing the cylinder polymer to be removed and the exposed substrate subject to deep etching thereby generating uniform, arranged, sub-25 nm cylindrical nanopore arrays. Briefly, selective metal ion inclusion into the PEO matrix and subsequent processing (etch/modification) was applied for creating iron oxide nanohole arrays.

lncRNA Gene Signatures for Prediction of Breast Cancer Intrinsic Subtypes and Prognosis.

Breast cancer is intrinsically heterogeneous and is commonly classified into four main subtypes associated with distinct biological features and clinical outcomes. However, currently available data resources and methods are limited in identifying molecular subtyping on protein-coding genes, and little is known about the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which occupies 98% of the whole genome. lncRNAs may also play important roles in subgrouping cancer patients and are associated with clinical phenotypes.

Synthesis and stability of IR-820 and FITC doped silica nanoparticles.

Fluorescent silica nanoparticles (NPs) have potential in biomedical applications as diagnostics and traceable drug delivery agents. In this study, we have synthesized fluorescent dye grafted silica NPs in two step process. First, a stable method to synthesize various sizes of silica NPs ranging from 20 to 52, 95, 210 and 410nm have been successfully demonstrated.

Morphological evolution of lamellar forming polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) copolymers under solvent annealing.

In this work, we are reporting a very simple and efficient method to form lamellar structures of symmetric polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) copolymer thin films with vertically (to the surface plane) orientated lamellae using a solvent annealing approach. The methodology does not require any brush chemistry to engineer a neutral surface and it is the block neutral nature of the film-solvent vapour interface that defines the orientation of the lamellae. The microphase separated structure of two different molecular weight lamellar forming PS-block-P4VP copolymers formed under solvent vapour annealing was monitored using atomic force microscopy (AFM) so as to understand the morphological changes of the films upon different solvent exposure.

Strategies for Inorganic Incorporation using Neat Block Copolymer Thin Films for Etch Mask Function and Nanotechnological Application.

Block copolymers (BCPs) and their directed self-assembly (DSA) has emerged as a realizable complementary tool to aid optical patterning of device elements for future integrated circuit advancements. Methods to enhance BCP etch contrast for DSA application and further potential applications of inorganic nanomaterial features (e.g.

Fabrication of ultra-dense sub-10 nm in-plane Si nanowire arrays by using a novel block copolymer method: optical properties.

The use of a low-χ, symmetric block copolymer as an alternative to the high-χ systems currently being translated towards industrial silicon chip manufacture has been demonstrated. Here, the methodology for generating on-chip, etch resistant masks and subsequent pattern transfer to the substrate using ultra-small dimension, lamellar, microphase separated polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) block copolymer (BCP) is described. Well-controlled films of a perpendicularly oriented lamellar pattern with a domain size of ∼8 nm were achieved through amplification of an effective interaction parameter (χeff) of the BCP system.

Probing Thermal Flux in Twinned Ge Nanowires through Raman Spectroscopy.

We report a noninvasive optical technique based on micro-Raman spectroscopy to study the temperature-dependent phonon behavior of normal (nondefective) and twinned germanium nanowires (Ge-NWs). We studied thermophysical properties of Ge-NWs from Raman spectra, measured by varying excitation laser power at ambient condition. We derived the laser-induced temperature rise during Raman measurements by analyzing the Raman peak position for both the NWs, and for a comparative study we performed the same for bulk Ge.

A Highly Efficient Sensor Platform Using Simply Manufactured Nanodot Patterned Substrates.

Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly is a low-cost means to nanopattern surfaces. Here, we use these nanopatterns to directly print arrays of nanodots onto a conducting substrate (Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass) for application as an electrochemical sensor for ethanol (EtOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection. The work demonstrates that BCP systems can be used as a highly efficient, flexible methodology for creating functional surfaces of materials.