Unveiling the landscape of antistigma interventions for individuals with substance use disorders: A scoping review.

Background: Stigma against persons living with substance use disorders (PLSUD) fosters social and health inequities.

Aim: We aimed to map different populations targeted by antistigma interventions, analyze specific characteristics of these interventions, and identify and categorize the theoretical frameworks used in these interventions.

Methods: We examined randomized controlled trials and quasi or pre-experimental studies targeting stigma against PLSUD.

Efficacy of shared decision making in tobacco cessation among health facilities of Haryana, India - A double blinded, parallel group Randomized Controlled trial Protocol.

Background: Shared decision-making (SDM) incorporates evidence, patient values, and preferences into medical decision-making. SDM and decision aids might promote health professional engagement and patient knowledge of tobacco cessation therapy, improving usage and results. The SDM facilitates talks that lead to better-informed judgements that align with patients' priorities, unlike individual decision-making.

Acceptability, Feasibility, and Effectiveness of Concurrent High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Cue Exposure in Cannabis Use Disorder: A Pilot Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: We studied the acceptability, feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary effectiveness of combined cue exposure and anodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on cannabis craving in cannabis use disorder (CUD).

Methods: We randomly assigned 48 participants equally in 4 groups: A, tDCS and cannabis cue exposure; B, tDCS and neutral image; C, sham tDCS and cue exposure; and D, sham tDCS and neutral image. The images were validated by Delphi consensus.

Regional disparities and correlates of alcohol use during pregnancy in India: Insights from the National Family Health Survey-5.

Introduction: Alcohol use during pregnancy is a significant public health concern due to its adverse outcomes for the mother and developing fetus. This study aims to estimate the national and state-wise prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy in India and examine associated social, demographic and health-related correlates using data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) conducted in 2019-2020.

Methods: Data from NFHS-5, a large-scale, nationally representative survey, were analysed.

Addressing India's alcohol misuse crisis: The urgent need for screening and brief intervention to bridge the healthcare gap.

India faces a significant challenge with alcohol misuse, as evidenced by the national survey revealing that 57 million out of 160 million persons with alcohol use exhibit harmful or dependent patterns, necessitating professional assistance. The Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health (2018) indicates a rising per capita alcohol consumption in the Southeast Asian Region, with India contributing substantially. To address this, implementing policies and programs to curb hazardous alcohol use is crucial.

Mitogenomics providing new insights into the phylogenetic structure of subfamily Panchaetothripinae (Thripidae: Terebrantia).

Complete mitochondrial genome of two species of subfamily Panchaetothripinae, Astrothrips tumiceps (16,467 bp) and Monilothrips kempi (14,773 bp) are generated by Next-Generation Sequencing Method. In this study, the detailed annotation of these mitogenomes as well as comparative analyses are carried out to explore the codon usage, gene composition, and phylogenetic relationship of subfamilies of family Thripidae. Moreover, the gene rearrangement of subfamily Panchaetothripinae of family Thripidae is also studied.

Youthful Choices: A Secondary Analysis of the NFHS-5 Data to Examine Tobacco Use in Indian Adolescent Girls and Young Women.

Background And Aim: Tobacco use among adolescents and young women is a global health concern. This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among adolescents and young women in India.

Methods: Based on data from the National Family Health Survey-5, this study explored tobacco use among 241,180 young women aged 15-24 in India.

Understanding Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use in Young College Students: A Qualitative Work from India Based on Social Norms Theory.

Background And Objectives: Substance use among young college students in India poses public health challenges. This study seeks to uncover the motivation behind alcohol and illicit drug consumption, applying social norms theory.

Methods: This qualitative research utilized the framework method to analyze data from 14 college students (18-24 years) across various disciplines.

Effectiveness of digital screening and brief intervention for alcohol misuse among college students: A state-wide cluster randomized trial from India.

Background: Alcohol misuse is prevalent among college students globally, including in India. Digital screening and brief interventions (DSBI) promise to address this issue. This study assesses DSBI's effectiveness in a state-wide cluster randomized trial among college students in India.

Efficacy of Screening and Brief Intervention for Alcohol Misuse in Opioid Agonist Maintenance Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Alcohol misuse is common in persons on opioid agonist maintenance treatment (OAMT). We tested the efficacy of screening and brief intervention (SBI) for harmful/hazardous alcohol use in buprenorphine/naloxone (BNX)-assisted OAMT. It was a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized trial, where 150 participants with alcohol misuse (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test - AUDIT 8-19) on BNX were allocated equally to receive either a single session SBI or screening and brief advice (control).

Understanding the emergence of negative photoconductivity in CVD grown ReS thin films by invoking the trion generation mechanism.

Emerging from robust coulombic interactions and diminished dielectric screening, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) manifest strongly bound excitons. While these pronounced many-body effects have been observed in 2D TMDs, their impact on the materials' intrinsic photoconductive characteristics remains relatively less explored. In this study, a considerable reduction in photoconductivity in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) ReS thin films has been observed.

Understanding pregabalin misuse and dependence: Insights from a North Indian addiction treatment center.

Background: Pregabalin, approved for various medical conditions, has shown increasing misuse potential globally. However, limited research exists on pregabalin dependence in India. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of pregabalin dependence among individuals seeking substance use disorder (SUD) treatment in North India.

Dual diagnosis and their care pathways for help-seeking: A multicenter study from India.

Background: Understanding pathways to dual diagnosis (DD) care will help organize DD services and facilitate training and referral across healthcare sectors.

Aim: The aim of our study was to characterize the stepwise healthcare and other contacts among patients with DD, compare the characteristics of the first contact persons with common mental disorder (CMD) versus severe mental illness (SMI), and estimate the likelihood of receiving appropriate DD treatment across levels of contacts.

Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study in eight Indian centers included newly enrolled patients with DD between April 2022 and February 2023.

Exploring help-seeking pathways and disparities in substance use disorder care in India: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity in the population. In low- and medium-income countries like India, there is a wide treatment gap for SUD. A multicentric study on the care pathways for SUD in India can help to understand service provision, service utilization, and challenges to improve existing SUD care in India.

Purifying selection drove the adaptation of mitochondrial genes along with correlation of gene rearrangements and evolutionary rates in two subfamilies of Whitefly (Insecta: Hemiptera).

Insect mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are usually represented by a conserved gene order. Whiteflies exhibit gene rearrangement in their mitogenomes; however, understanding how nucleotide substitution rates shape gene rearrangement in whiteflies is unclear due to the limited number of mitogenomes. Additionally, the mechanisms by which selection pressure drives adaptations in mitochondrial genes in the two subfamilies of whiteflies are not yet known.

Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for alcohol use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis update.

Given the accumulating research, evolving psychosocial treatment, and equivocal findings, updating WHO's Mental Health Gap Action Programme-2015 was necessary to ensure guidelines reflect effective strategies for alcohol use disorder (AUD). To estimate the effects of psychosocial interventions on drinking and related outcomes. We included randomized controlled trials published between January 2015 and June 2022 on adults with alcohol dependence (ICD 10/DSM-IV) and moderate to severe AUD (DSM-5), and those examined psychosocial interventions against treatment-as-usual (TAU) and active controls.

Trends of Buprenorphine Prescribing for Opioid Dependence Before, and During the Early and Later Part of the COVID-19: A Study from a Large Publicly-Funded Opioid Agonist Treatment Services in India.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the availability and access to medications for opioid dependence (OD). We examined the monthly trends in new buprenorphine/naloxone (BNX) treatment episodes, number of clinical visits for BNX, BNX dispensed per person, and BNX prescription over 56-month, which included pre-pandemic, during early, and later part of pandemic (Jan 2017 - Aug 2022).

Methods: Research data were collected from the pharmacy database of a large publicly funded treatment center in India.

Analysis of Health Ailments and Associated Risk Factors in Small-Scale Fisherfolk Community of Indian Sundarbans: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Small-scale fishers of Indian Sundarbans depend on open-water fisheries for their livelihoods. They often face health, occupational, and safety issues in their profession due to environmental, socio-economic, and policy changes. The morbidity pattern and related risk factors are important indicators of well-being for any community, hence applicable to small-scale fishers of Sundarbans.