Incidence of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)/Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in the Female Population of North Karnataka: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: India is currently facing an epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity which are high-risk factors for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A non-invasive tool, the vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE; FibroScan, Echosens, Paris, France) is used to diagnose NAFLD.

Aim: To identify the prevalence, spectrum, and metabolic determinants of NAFLD in Indian adult women using liver function tests (LFT) and non-invasive FibroScan (liver stiffness measure, i.

Pain after 1940 nm Laser for Unilateral Incompetence of the Great Saphenous Vein.

To investigate postprocedural pain after using an endovenous 1940 nm laser for great saphenous vein incompetence. A total of 72 patients were treated for symptomatic unilateral great saphenous incompetence using a 1940 nm laser device. All patients were treated using a standardized procedure under local anesthesia and investigated for postprocedural pain for 4 weeks using a visual analog scale (VAS 0-10).

2,8-Disubstituted-1,5-naphthyridines as Dual Inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase and Hemozoin Formation with Efficacy.

Structure-activity relationship studies of 2,8-disubstituted-1,5-naphthyridines, previously reported as potent inhibitors of () phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase β (PI4K), identified 1,5-naphthyridines with basic groups at 8-position, which retained PI4K inhibitory activity but switched primary mode of action to the host hemoglobin degradation pathway through inhibition of hemozoin formation. These compounds showed minimal off-target inhibitory activity against the human phosphoinositide kinases and MINK1 and MAP4K kinases, which were associated with the teratogenicity and testicular toxicity observed in rats for the PI4K inhibitor clinical candidate MMV390048. A representative compound from the series retained activity against field isolates and lab-raised drug-resistant strains of .

Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in NSCLC: A single-center experience from India.

Background: The genetic profiling of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has contributed to the discovery of actionable targetable mutations, which have significantly improved outcomes in disease with poor prognosis. Molecular epidemiological data of driver mutations in Indian populations have not been extensively elaborated compared to western and eastern Asian NSCLC populations. This study assessed the prevalence and clinical outcomes of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutations among the Indian NSCLC cohort in South India.

Lamotrigine efficacy, safety, and tolerability for women of childbearing age with bipolar I disorder: Meta-analysis from four randomized, placebo-controlled maintenance studies.

This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lamotrigine versus placebo in preventing relapse and recurrence of mood episodes in women of childbearing age with bipolar I disorder. Following up to 16 weeks' open-label lamotrigine treatment, responders were randomized to double-blind treatment, including lamotrigine 100-400 mg/day or placebo, in four trials of up to 76 weeks. Women aged 18-45 years who received ≥ 1 dose of study treatment and had ≥ 1 efficacy assessment in the double-blind phase were pooled for efficacy analysis.

Isolated Paramedian cleft of Lower LIP: A Rare Entity.

To present a rare case of an isolated paramedian cleft of the lower lip. We describe the second case of isolated paramedian cleft of the lower lip. The pregnancy was realized in the fifth month prior to which the mother gives history of consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (N.

Recent developments of imidazo[1,2-]pyridine analogues as antituberculosis agents.

Over the past 2000 years, tuberculosis (TB) has killed more people than any other infectious disease. In 2021, TB claimed 1.6 million lives worldwide, making it the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease after COVID-19.

1,3-Diarylpyrazolyl-acylsulfonamides Target HadAB/BC Complex in .

Alternative mode-of-inhibition of clinically validated targets is an effective strategy for circumventing existing clinical drug resistance. Herein, we report 1,3-diarylpyrazolyl-acylsulfonamides as potent inhibitors of HadAB/BC, a 3-hydroxyl-ACP dehydratase complex required to iteratively elongate the meromycolate chain of mycolic acids in (). Mutations in compound -resistant mutants mapped to HadC (Rv0637; K157R), while chemoproteomics confirmed the compound's binding to HadA (Rv0635), HadB (Rv0636), and HadC.

Spiropyrimidinetrione DNA Gyrase Inhibitors with Potent and Selective Antituberculosis Activity.

New antibiotics with either a novel mode of action or novel mode of inhibition are urgently needed to overcome the threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). The present study profiles new spiropyrimidinetriones (SPTs), DNA gyrase inhibitors having activity against drug-resistant (), the causative agent of TB. While the clinical candidate zoliflodacin has progressed to phase 3 trials for the treatment of gonorrhea, compounds herein demonstrated higher inhibitory potency against DNA gyrase (e.

Spiropyrimidinetriones: a Class of DNA Gyrase Inhibitors with Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and without Cross-Resistance to Fluoroquinolones.

Described here is a series of spiropyrimidinetrione (SPT) compounds with activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis through inhibition of DNA gyrase. The SPT class operates via a novel mode of inhibition, which involves Mg-independent stabilization of the DNA cleavage complex with DNA gyrase and is thereby not cross-resistant with other DNA gyrase-inhibiting antibacterials, including fluoroquinolones. Compound 22 from the series was profiled broadly and showed cidality as well as intracellular activity against M.

1,3-Diarylpyrazolyl-acylsulfonamides as Potent Anti-tuberculosis Agents Targeting Cell Wall Biosynthesis in .

Phenotypic whole cell high-throughput screening of a ∼150,000 diverse set of compounds against (Mtb) in cholesterol-containing media identified 1,3-diarylpyrazolyl-acylsulfonamide as a moderately active hit. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies demonstrated a clear scope to improve whole cell potency to MIC values of <0.5 μM, and a plausible pharmacophore model was developed to describe the chemical space of active compounds.

Antitubercular 2-Pyrazolylpyrimidinones: Structure-Activity Relationship and Mode-of-Action Studies.

Phenotypic screening of a Medicines for Malaria Venture compound library against () identified a cluster of pan-active 2-pyrazolylpyrimidinones. The biology triage of these actives using various tool strains of suggested a novel mechanism of action. The compounds were bactericidal against replicating and retained potency against clinical isolates of .

Consensus Guidelines for Pediatric Intensive Care Units in India, 2020.

Background: Consensus Guidelines for Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) were published in Indian Pediatrics in 2002.

Objective: The current document represents a recent update in the Indian context, regarding unit design, equipment, organization, staffing as well as admission and discharge criteria for different levels of Pediatric Intensive Care and teaching units with PICU training programs, as well as nonteaching units.

Process: The Pediatric Intensive Care College Council (PICC), an academic wing of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Intensive Care Chapter took the initiative to update the guidelines with members of the PICU guidelines Committee writing group.

Photoluminescence, TGA/DSC and photocatalytic activity studies of Dy doped SrYO nanophosphors.

Dy:SrYO nanophosphors were prepared a solution combustion method using glycine as an organic fuel. The structural, optical, and thermal properties of the nanophosphors were studied. Strain and crystal size were calculated W-H analysis.

Engineering a Polyspecific Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase by a High Throughput FACS Screen.

The Pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) and its cognate tRNA are extensively used to add non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) to the genetic code of bacterial and eukaryotic cells. However, new ncAAs often require a cumbersome de novo engineering process to generate an appropriate PylRS/tRNA pair. We here report a strategy to predict a PylRS variant with novel properties.

Prescribing practices of Indian psychiatrists in the treatment of bipolar disorder.

Objective: The treatment of bipolar disorder is challenging because of its clinical complexity and availability of multiple treatment options, none of which are ideal mood stabilizers. This survey studies prescription practices of psychiatrists in India and their adherence to guidelines.

Method: In total, 500 psychiatrists randomly selected from the Indian Psychiatric Society membership directory were administered a face-to-face 22-item questionnaire pertaining to the management of bipolar disorder.

Bedford-Type Palladacycle-Catalyzed Miyaura Borylation of Aryl Halides with Tetrahydroxydiboron in Water.

A mild aqueous protocol for palladium catalyzed Miyaura borylation of aryl iodides, aryl bromides and aryl chlorides with tetrahydroxydiboron (BBA) as a borylating agent is developed. The developed methodology requires low catalyst loading of Bedford-type palladacycle catalyst (0.05 mol %) and works best under mild reaction conditions at 40 °C in short time of 6 h in water.

Novel Antitubercular 6-Dialkylaminopyrimidine Carboxamides from Phenotypic Whole-Cell High Throughput Screening of a SoftFocus Library: Structure-Activity Relationship and Target Identification Studies.

A BioFocus DPI SoftFocus library of ∼35 000 compounds was screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in order to identify novel hits with antitubercular activity. The hits were evaluated in biology triage assays to exclude compounds suggested to function via frequently encountered promiscuous mechanisms of action including inhibition of the QcrB subunit of the cytochrome bc complex, disruption of cell-wall homeostasis, and DNA damage. Among the hits that passed this screening cascade, a 6-dialkylaminopyrimidine carboxamide series was prioritized for hit to lead optimization.

Clinical Profile of Patients Presenting with Malignant Pleural Effusion to a Tertiary Health Care Centre.

Background: Malignant pleural effusions are one of the leading causes of exudative pleural effusions. We studied the clinical profile of patients presenting with malignant pleural effusion, their cytological and histopathological features and the efficacy of pleurodesis in preventing recurrence.

Materials And Methods: 100 patients who were positive for malignant cells in pleural fluid cytology or pleural biopsy were recruited.

Copper-Mediated [3+2] Annulation of 3-N-Hydroxyallylamines with Nitrosoarenes.

Cu-mediated annulations of N-hydroxyallylamines with nitrosoarenes proceed through unprecedented formal [3+2] cycloadditions of N-hydroxyaminoallyl radicals with nitrosoarenes. Our mechanistic analysis opposes a 5-endo-trig cyclization involved in the final ring-closure step. To manifest the reaction utility, chemical elaborations of resulting isoxazolidinyl products into 2- or 3-substituted quinoline N-oxides and acyclic 1,3-diamino-2-ols are also described.

Primary ewings sarcoma of the lung.

Extraosseous ewings sarcoma is an extremely rare neuroectodermal tumour. We report the case of a 30-year-old female who presented with right sided pulmonary mass. Radiology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of primary pulmonary Ewings sarcoma.

Pneumocystis jirovecii infection and the associated dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) mutations in HIV-positive individuals from Pune, India.

The present study was undertaken to detect Pneumocystis jirovecii infection among HIV-positive patients presenting with symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection and analyze the associated dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) mutations. P. jirovecii infection was detected in 12.

Copper-catalyzed oxidative dimerizations of 3-N-hydroxy-aminoprop-1-enes to form 1,4-dihydroxy-2,3-diaminocyclohexanes with C2 symmetry.

This work describes the one-step construction of complex and important molecular frameworks through copper-catalyzed oxidations of cheap tertiary amines. Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidations of N-hydroxyaminopropenes to form C2 -symmetric N- and O-functionalized cyclohexanes are described. Such catalytic oxidations proceed with remarkable stereocontrol and high efficiency.

2-Phenylindole and Arylsulphonamide: Novel Scaffolds Bactericidal against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A cellular activity-based screen on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv using a focused library from the AstraZeneca corporate collection led to the identification of 2-phenylindoles and arylsulphonamides, novel antimycobacterial scaffolds. Both the series were bactericidal in vitro and in an intracellular macrophage infection model, active against drug sensitive and drug resistant Mtb clinical isolates, and specific to mycobacteria. The scaffolds showed promising structure-activity relationships; compounds with submicromolar cellular potency were identified during the hit to lead exploration.