The accuracy and adequacy of rapid on-site evaluation conducted by trained pulmonologist on transbronchial needle aspiration samples: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The effective deployment of rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) requires the availability of a cytologist/pathologist. Several studies investigated the capability of trained pulmonologists to assess the adequacy and validity of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) samples. This study aimed to determine the validity and adequacy of ROSE by pulmonologists (P-ROSE).

Efficacy of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose in Heart Failure Patients with Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Meta-analysis of 6271 Patients.

Background: Iron deficiency is prevalent among heart failure patients and is associated with worse clinical outcomes, including decreased quality of life and functional capacity. This condition often results in a higher incidence of hospitalization and mortality. Iron supplementation, particularly with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), has shown potential benefits as an adjunct therapy in heart failure management.

Adapting Clinical Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Blood Pressure Management and Kidney Replacement Therapy in Adults and Children in the Saudi Arabian Context Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation-ADOLOPMENT Methodology.

This practice guideline was developed by the chronic kidney disease (CKD) Task Force, which was composed of clinical and methodological experts. The Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health and its health holding company commissioned this guideline project to support the realization of Vision 2030's health-care transformation pillar. The synthesis of these guidelines was guided by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)- ADOLOPMENT methodology.

Harmonizing vaccine and infrastructure development to tame cholera outbreaks across Africa.

Vaccines and clean water shortages continue to give rise to cholera outbreaks in Africa. Coordinated efforts to increase vaccine distribution and improve physical infrastructure are needed while considering future outbreaks and water demands due to conflicts and climate events.

Investigation of genetic diversity using molecular and biochemical markers associated with powdery mildew resistance in different flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes.

Under greenhouse conditions, the resistance of 18 different genotypes of flax to powdery mildew was evaluated. To investigate genetic diversity and identify the molecular and biochemical markers linked to powdery mildew resistance in the tested genotypes, two molecular marker systems-start codon targeted (SCoT) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)-as well as a biochemical marker (protein profiles, antioxidant enzyme activity, and secondary metabolites) were used. Based on the results, the genotypes were classified into four categories: highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately susceptible, and moderately resistant.

Usage and attitude of medical students towards mobile medical applications during and after COVID-19 lockdown: repeated cross-sectional study.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the shift toward e-learning, particularly in medical education. Mobile medical applications (apps) have become integral tools for e-learning due to the prevalence of smartphones among medical students. Therefore, we aim to assess the usage and attitude of undergraduate Egyptian medical students towards mobile medical apps during and after the COVID-19 lockdown.

Agro-morphological, biochemical, and molecular markers of barley genotypes grown under salinity stress conditions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of salt stress on morphological, yield, biochemical, and molecular attributes of different barley genotypes. Ten genotypes were cultivated at Fayoum Research Station, El-Fayoum Governorate, Egypt, during two seasons (2020-2021 and 2021-2022), and they were exposed to two different salt concentrations (tap water as a control and 8000 ppm). The results showed that genotypes and salt stress had a significant impact on all morphological and physiological parameters.

Melatonin as a potential treatment for septic cardiomyopathy.

Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a common complication of sepsis contributing to high mortality rates. Its pathophysiology involves complex factors, including inflammatory cytokines, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation. Despite extensive research, no effective pharmacological agent has been established for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy.

Transplant Associated Graft versus Host Disease.

Graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurs quite often after hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, it is a rare complication after solid organ transplantation and consists of a reaction of donor-derived immune cells directed against host tissues, which is mostly seen in liver, small intestine, and pancreas transplantation. We are presenting a 54-year-old man with a long-standing history of hypertension, hypertensive nephrosclerosis, and stage V terminal chronic kidney disease, who was on a regular hemodialysis thrice weekly.

Hepatitis Status and its Effect upon the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: Presentations, Associations and Complications.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have a high prevalence in Oman. This study aimed to examine the association between CKD and viral hepatitis through an observational cohort study conducted at the Royal Hospital of the Sultanate of Oman to evaluate the relationship of HBV and HCV with CKD. During the study, 233 patients were identified, 112 with chronic HBV (Group 1), 112 with chronic HCV (Group 2), and nine with HBV and HCV coinfection (Group 3).

Late Presentation for Kidney Biopsy: Clinical Presentations and Laboratory Findings.

Although the number of patients reaching end-stage kidney disease without a biopsy- proven diagnosis is increasing, kidney biopsies play a key role in diagnosing kidney disease. We analyzed prospective data from patients with kidney disease who underwent percutaneous native kidney biopsies from January 2006 to December 2017. Demographic data, clinical presentations, and the laboratory and radiological findings at the time of biopsy were analyzed.

Potential impact of serpin peptidase inhibitor clade (A) member 4 SERPINA4 (rs2093266) and SERPINA5 (rs1955656) genetic variants on COVID-19 induced acute kidney injury.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has a number of targets, including the kidneys. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) might develop in up to a quarter of SARS-CoV-2 patients. In the clinical environment, AKI is linked to a high rate of death and leads to the progression of AKI to chronic renal disease.

: achievement, predictors and relationship to mortality in hemodialysis patients in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: results from DOPPS (2012-18).

Background: Dialysis adequacy, as measured by single pool , is an important parameter for assessing hemodialysis (HD) patients' health. Guidelines have recommended of 1.2 as the minimum dose for thrice-weekly HD.

High-throughput retrotransposon-based genetic diversity of maize germplasm assessment and analysis.

Maize is one of the world's most important crops and a model for grass genome research. Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons comprise most of the maize genome; their ability to produce new copies makes them efficient high-throughput genetic markers. Inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphisms (IRAPs) were used to study the genetic diversity of maize germplasm.

Prevalence of mupirocin and chlorhexidine resistance among methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated during methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus decolonization strategies.

Background: The widespread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) antimicrobial decolonization in the clinical setting may lead to an increase in the prevalence of multiresistance to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) owing to their selection. This study aimed to investigate the impact of MRSA decolonization strategies, using mupirocin and chlorhexidine, on their CoNS susceptibility.

Methods: A total of 312 CoNS isolates were collected before starting the decolonization protocols "baseline strains" (BLS) group, 330 isolates were collected after application of the targeted decolonization protocol "targeted decolonization strains" group, and 355 isolates were collected after application of the universal decolonization protocol "universal decolonization strains" group.

IL-18, VCAM-1 and P-selectin as early biomarkers in normoalbuminuric Type 2 diabetes patients.

To investigate the pathophysiological role of different biomarkers in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) among normoalbuminuric patients with a low-estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In this cross-sectional study of 200 normoalbuminuric Type 2 diabetes patients, 28 patients (14%) had a low eGFR. The IL-18, VCAM-1 and P-selectin levels were significantly higher at a low eGFR.

Risk factors and molecular features of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing bacteria at southwest of Saudi Arabia.

To explore the risk factors, the prevalence rate, and gene types of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria as the causative agents of infection at King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital (KAASH), Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted during the period between February 2017 and January 2018. All samples obtained from the KAASH were analyzed.

Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in murine models: a histological and ultrastructural characterization with immunohistochemistry correlation of glomerular CD44 and WT1 expression.

Aim: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a common progressive chronic renal disease. Podocyte injury and loss are the postulated pivotal events that trigger FSGS. In this study, the authors aim to examine the evolution of FSGS in murine models histologically, ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically with special emphasis on podocytes and parietal epithelial cells (PECs).

Physiological and molecular genetic studies on two elicitors for improving the tolerance of six Egyptian soybean cultivars to cotton leaf worm.

Cotton leaf worm (Spodoptera littoralis) is considered one of the most destructive agricultural pests in Egypt. Six soybean cultivars (Giza-21, Giza-22, Giza-35, Giza-82, Giza-83 and Giza-111) were grown under natural infection with cotton leaf worm. The effect of two elicitors, methyl jasmonate and sodium nitroprusside on enhancing the ability of susceptible cultivars to tolerate (Spodoptera littoralis) was studied.

Appraising the outcome and complications of peritoneal dialysis patients in self-care peritoneal dialysis and assisted peritoneal dialysis: A 5-year review of a single Saudi center.

Our objective is to study the outcomes and complications of peritoneal dialysis (PD) including comparison of self-care PD with home-care assisted PD during a five-year period. A retrospective study of PD data at King Saud University-affiliated hospital in Riyadh from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2013. One hundred and eleven patients were included (female 55%).

T-Regulatory Cell Subsets in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Relation to Control of the Disease.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is described as a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by aggressive immune β-cell destruction. There are a number of varied immune mechanisms for sustaining self-tolerance in opposition to the autoimmune disorders. A recessive tolerance is accomplished by thymic gland via a negative assortment of different clones, while a dominant tolerance is accomplished by the regulatory T cells (Treg) in the periphery.

Assessment of the diagnostic value of different biomarkers in relation to various stages of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients.

Albuminuria is widely used to indicate early phases of diabetic nephropathy although it is limited by the fact that structural damage might precede albumin excretion. This necessitates identifying better biomarkers that diagnose or predict diabetic nephropathy. This is a cross-sectional hospital based study recruiting type 2 diabetic patients cohort aged 35-75 years with diabetes duration of ≥10 years.

Molecular characterisation of Panton-Valentine leucocidin-producing methicillin-resistant clones isolated from the main hospitals in Taif, KSA.

Introduction: Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) is a bicomponent pore-forming cytolytic toxin encoded by the lukF-PV and lukS-PV genes. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) may carry the pvl genes which may be related to increased disease severity. This study aimed to characterise the PVL-producing MRSA recovered from different Taif Hospitals, Saudi Arabia.

Gene Polymorphism of Interleukin-4, Interleukin-4 Receptor and STAT6 in Children with Atopic Dermatitis in Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Aim Of Study: This work was performed to evaluate the level of IL-4, and to clarify the role of IL-4 gene polymorphism at position cytosine -590-to-thyamine (C-590T), IL-4Rα gene polymorphism at position adenine +4679-to-guanine (A+4679G) [isoleucine-50-valine (I50V)] and STAT6 gene polymorphism at position guanine 2964-to-adenine (G2964A) in Saudi children with non-atopic dermatitis (non-AD) and atopic dermatitis (AD) to identify their role in the pathogenesis of these diseases.

Subjects And Methods: This study included 150 children: 50 healthy children as controls, 50 with non-AD, and 50 with AD. They were subjected to full clinical examination, complete blood picture, skin prick test, and determination of serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and total immunoglobulin-E (IgE) levels.

Prognostic significance of C1q deposition in serial biopsies for predicating the long-term outcome in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is characterized by a highly variable clinical course. It has been reported that histopathologic lesions are risk factors for the progression of LN. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship among the co-deposition of C1q, clinicopathological features, and renal outcomes in patients with LN.