CYP2C19 expression modulates affective functioning and hippocampal subiculum volume-a large single-center community-dwelling cohort study.

Given controversial findings of reduced depressive symptom severity and increased hippocampus volume in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers, we sought to provide empirical evidence from a large-scale single-center longitudinal cohort in the community-dwelling adult population-Colaus|PsyCoLaus in Lausanne, Switzerland (n = 4152). We looked for CYP2C19 genotype-related behavioral and brain anatomy patterns using a comprehensive set of psychometry, water diffusion- and relaxometry-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data (BrainLaus, n = 1187). Our statistical models tested for differential associations between poor metabolizer and other metabolizer status with imaging-derived indices of brain volume and tissue properties that explain individuals' current and lifetime mood characteristics.

Socio-economic position as a moderator of cardiometabolic outcomes in patients receiving psychotropic treatment associated with weight gain: results from a prospective 12-month inception cohort study and a large population-based cohort.

Weight gain and metabolic complications are major adverse effects of many psychotropic drugs. We aimed to understand how socio-economic status (SES), defined as the Swiss socio-economic position (SSEP), is associated with cardiometabolic parameters after initiation of psychotropic medications known to induce weight gain. Cardiometabolic parameters were collected in two Swiss cohorts following the prescription of psychotropic medications.

Retrospectively assessed trajectories of PTSD symptoms and their subsequent comorbidities.

Background: Dynamic trajectories of psychopathology, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) provide a key to understanding human adjustment processes after trauma exposure. Recent studies have suggested more heterogeneous mental health outcomes than the initially identified four adjustment trajectories. To explore this heterogeneity, we investigated the after-trauma adjustment patterns of psychopathology based on retrospective lifetime data.

Factors associated with repetitive violent behavior of psychiatric inpatients.

A small number of psychiatric inpatients displays a large proportion of Violent Behaviors (VB). These can have a major impact on both victims and patients themselves. This study explored personal, situational and institutional risk factors and their combined effects, which could lead to repetitive VB (three or more assaults).

Psychological trauma occurring during adolescence is associated with an increased risk of greater waist circumference in Early Psychosis patients treated with psychotropic medication.

Background: It has been suggested that exposure to Childhood Trauma [CT] may play a role in the risk of obesity in Early Psychosis [EP] patients; however, whether this is independently of age at exposure to CT and the medication profile has yet to be investigated.

Methods: 113 EP-patients aged 18-35 were recruited from the Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program [TIPP-Lausanne]. Body Mass Index [BMI], Weight Gain [WG] and Waist Circumference [WC] were measured prospectively at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months of weight gain inducing psychotropic treatment.

Topology predicts long-term functional outcome in early psychosis.

Early intervention in psychosis is crucial to improving patient response to treatment and the functional deficits that critically affect their long-term quality of life. Stratification tools are needed to personalize functional deficit prevention strategies at an early stage. In the present study, we applied topological tools to analyze symptoms of early psychosis patients, and detected a clear stratification of the cohort into three groups.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder is Prospectively Associated With Decreased Levels of Interleukin-6 and Adiponectin Among Individuals from the Community.

Background: Anxiety disorders have been related to cardiovascular diseases via low-grade inflammation, but longitudinal studies on the association between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and inflammatory biomarkers are sparse. Furthermore, no studies have examined the association between GAD and the "cardio-protective" adipocytokine adiponectin in this context so far.

Methods: In a Swiss population-based sample of 2,415 adults participating in baseline and follow-up exams (mean follow-up duration=5.

Psychotropic drug-induced genetic-epigenetic modulation of CRTC1 gene is associated with early weight gain in a prospective study of psychiatric patients.

Background: Metabolic side effects induced by psychotropic drugs represent a major health issue in psychiatry. CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) gene plays a major role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and epigenetic mechanisms may explain its association with obesity features previously described in psychiatric patients. This prospective study included 78 patients receiving psychotropic drugs that induce metabolic disturbances, with weight and other metabolic parameters monitored regularly.

Associations of Personality Traits With Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in a Swiss Community Sample.

Among the major dimensions of personality, high Neuroticism and low Conscientiousness have frequently been linked to worse health-related behaviors and poor health outcomes. However, studies on the association between personality traits and biomarkers of chronic low-grade inflammation reflecting increased morbidity and mortality risk are sparse; therefore, the aim of this study was to explore this association. A population-based Swiss sample of 2,182 persons (40-82 years, 42% men) completed a comprehensive personality questionnaire (NEO Five-Factor Inventory-Revised).

Major depression subtypes are differentially associated with migraine subtype, prevalence and severity.

Objective: Migraine and major depressive disorder show a high rate of comorbidity, but little is known about the associations between the subtypes of major depressive disorder and migraine. In this cross-sectional study we aimed at investigating a) the lifetime associations between the atypical, melancholic, combined and unspecified subtype of major depressive disorder and migraine with and without aura and b) the associations between major depressive disorder and its subtypes and the severity of migraine.

Methods: A total of 446 subjects with migraine (migraine without aura: n = 294; migraine with aura: n = 152) and 2511 controls from the population-based CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study, Switzerland, were included.

A pharmacogenetic risk score for the evaluation of major depression severity under treatment with antidepressants.

The severity of symptoms as well as efficacy of antidepressants in major depressive disorder (MDD) is modified by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in different genes, which may contribute in an additive or synergistic fashion. We aimed to investigate depression severity in participants with MDD under treatment with antidepressants in relation to the combinatory effect of selected genetic variants combined using a genetic risk score (GRS). The sample included 150 MDD patients on regular AD therapy from the population-based Swiss PsyCoLaus cohort.

Mental disorders, attrition at follow-up, and questionnaire non-completion in epidemiologic research. Illustrations from the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between mental disorders recorded at baseline and participation in the subsequent follow-up interview (vs. attrition) or baseline questionnaire completion (vs. non-response) within the psychiatric arm of a population-based study.

Lipid Disturbances in Adolescents Treated With Second-Generation Antipsychotics: Clinical Determinants of Plasma Lipid Worsening and New-Onset Hypercholesterolemia.

Objective: Lipid disturbances following treatment with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) represent a major health concern. A previous study determined that early changes of plasma lipid levels ≥ 5% during the first month of treatment with SGAs predicts further lipid worsening and development of dyslipidemia. This current study aimed to determine the proportion of adolescents with early lipid changes ≥ 5% and who develop dyslipidemia during SGA treatment.

Differences between unipolar mania and bipolar-I disorder: Evidence from nine epidemiological studies.

Objectives: Although clinical evidence suggests important differences between unipolar mania and bipolar-I disorder (BP-I), epidemiological data are limited. Combining data from nine population-based studies, we compared subjects with mania (M) or mania with mild depression (Md) to those with BP-I with both manic and depressive episodes with respect to demographic and clinical characteristics in order to highlight differences.

Methods: Participants were compared for gender, age, age at onset of mania, psychiatric comorbidity, temperament, and family history of mental disorders.

Association Between Plasma Caffeine and Other Methylxanthines and Metabolic Parameters in a Psychiatric Population Treated With Psychotropic Drugs Inducing Metabolic Disturbances.

Multiple studies conducted in the general population identified an association between self-reported coffee consumption and plasma lipid levels. To date, no study assessed whether and which plasma methylxanthines (caffeine and/or its metabolites, i.e.

[Three clinical risk profiles of violent behavior in a cohort of early psychosis patients].

Objective: This study aims to determine whether it is possible to identify clinical profiles at risk of violent behaviors (VB) in the early phase of psychotic disorders, on the basis of the main dynamic psychopathological risk factors and describe characteristics of the groups with highest levels of violent behaviors.

Method: A total of 265 patients, aged 18 to 35, treated at the Treatment and early Intervention in Psychosis Program (TIPP-Lausanne), a specialized early psychosis program, were included in this study. We conducted a latent-class analysis and a discriminative analysis on the basis of the main dynamic VB risk factors: substance use disorder, impulsivity, positive symptoms, insight, aggression, hostility, anger, emotional instability and adherence to treatment.

Temperament and self-esteem in high-risk offspring of bipolar parents: Vulnerability and scar effects.

Background: The nature of the temporal relationship between psychological factors and mood episodes is unclear. The objectives of this study were to determine if temperament and self-esteem predict the onset of mood episodes, and if prior mood episodes influence the stability of these factors over time in high-risk offspring of bipolar parents.

Methods: Offspring of a parent with bipolar disorder participating in the Flourish Prospective Offspring Study were clinically assessed repeatedly using semi-structured KSADS-PL/SADS-L format interviews, and completed repeated measures of self-esteem, and temperament.

Cannabis, a Significant Risk Factor for Violent Behavior in the Early Phase Psychosis. Two Patterns of Interaction of Factors Increase the Risk of Violent Behavior: Cannabis Use Disorder and Impulsivity; Cannabis Use Disorder, Lack of Insight and Treatment Adherence.

Previous literature suggests that prevalence of cannabis use in the early phase of psychosis is high, and that early psychosis patients are at high-risk for violent behavior. However, the link between cannabis use and violent behavior in early psychosis patients is unclear. We carried out a study on a sample of early psychosis patients, in order to explore the impact of cannabis use on the risk of violent behavior (VB), while taking into account (1) potential confounding factors and, (2) interactions with other dynamic risk factors of VB.

Psychosocial Stress Over the Lifespan, Psychological Factors, and Cardiometabolic Risk in the Community.

Objective: The complex relationship between psychosocial stress over the lifetime, psychological factors, and cardiometabolic risk is still poorly understood. Accordingly, our aims were (1) to independently assess the associations between childhood adversity, life-event stress in remote (earlier than the last 5 years), and recent adulthood and cardiometabolic risk, and (2) to determine the role of psychological factors including personality, coping, and depression in these associations.

Methods: The sample included 2674 adults, aged 35 to 66 years, randomly selected from urban area.

N-acetylcysteine in a Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial: Toward Biomarker-Guided Treatment in Early Psychosis.

Biomarker-guided treatments are needed in psychiatry, and previous data suggest oxidative stress may be a target in schizophrenia. A previous add-on trial with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) led to negative symptom reductions in chronic patients. We aim to study NAC's impact on symptoms and neurocognition in early psychosis (EP) and to explore whether glutathione (GSH)/redox markers could represent valid biomarkers to guide treatment.

Impulsivity in early psychosis: A complex link with violent behaviour and a target for intervention.

Background: Violent behaviour (VB) occurs in first episode of schizophrenia and can have devastating impact both on victims and patients themselves. A better knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of VB may pave the way to preventive treatments.

Objectives: 1) To explore the nature of the link between impulsivity and VB in early psychosis (EP) patients; 2) To explore the interactions between impulsivity and substance abuse, insight, and positive symptoms, the main dynamic risk factors of VB described to date.

Physicians' emotion regulation during communication with advanced cancer patients.

Objective: In cancer care, optimal communication between patients and their physicians is, among other things, dependent on physicians' emotion regulation, which might be related to physicians' as well as patients' characteristics. In this study, we investigated physicians' emotion regulation during communication with advanced cancer patients, in relation to physicians' (stress, training, and alexithymia) and patients' (sadness, anxiety, and alexithymia) characteristics.

Methods: In this study, 134 real-life consultations between 24 physicians and their patients were audio-recorded and transcribed.

The bidirectional relationship between anxiety disorders and circulating levels of inflammatory markers: Results from a large longitudinal population-based study.

Background: Although there has been abundant research on chronic low-grade inflammation as a potential mechanism underlying the link between mood disorders and cardiovascular risk, less is known about the role of inflammatory factors and anxiety disorders. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the bi-directional associations between inflammatory markers including interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) with anxiety disorders and its subgroups.

Methods: The sample consisted of 3,113 participants (53.

Violent behaviour in early psychosis patients: Can we identify clinical risk profiles?

Aims: The objective of this study is to explore, within a sample of early psychosis patients (EPP), if subgroups regarding rate of violent behaviour (VB) against others can be identified on the basis of dynamic risk factors (treatment modifiable characteristics).

Methods: In a sample of 265 EPP, treated at the Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program in Lausanne, we conducted a latent-class analysis on the basis of the main dynamic VB risk factors (substance use disorder [SUD], positive symptoms, insight, and impulsivity). VB were restricted to "serious violence" and were assessed through patients self-report, interview with relatives or forensic services and with a standardized instrument.