Migraine and Epilepsy in Children: A Narrative Review of Comorbidity and Similar Treatment Option.

Migraine and epilepsy belong to the category of chronic paroxysmal neurological disorders and share numerous clinical features, as well as potential treatment options. This narrative review emphasizes the similarities between pediatric migraine and epilepsy, exploring epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetics, clinical presentation, and pharmacology. Although various syndromes exhibit symptoms common to both conditions, further research is needed to clarify the underlying pathophysiological and genetic connections contributing to their coexistence.

Medication-resistant acute focal motor seizures in a child with COVID-19 affecting the CNS.

A perfectly healthy preschool girl presented with acute repetitive focal aware motor seizures, while her brain MRI showed a lesion in the left posterior cortex. After a number of investigations, her cerebrospinal fluid PCR was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Despite receiving at least four anti-seizure medications at appropriate dosages, the seizures continued, and just after administering intravenous immunoglobulin, her seizures stopped.

TMEM63C mutations cause mitochondrial morphology defects and underlie hereditary spastic paraplegia.

The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are among the most genetically diverse of all Mendelian disorders. They comprise a large group of neurodegenerative diseases that may be divided into 'pure HSP' in forms of the disease primarily entailing progressive lower-limb weakness and spasticity, and 'complex HSP' when these features are accompanied by other neurological (or non-neurological) clinical signs. Here, we identified biallelic variants in the transmembrane protein 63C (TMEM63C) gene, encoding a predicted osmosensitive calcium-permeable cation channel, in individuals with hereditary spastic paraplegias associated with mild intellectual disability in some, but not all cases.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in developmentally delayed children.

Background. Developmental disorders are failure or inability to acquire various age-specific skills at expected maturational age, which affects about 5-10% of preschool children. One of the most important methods for evaluation of developmentally delayed children is neuroimaging, especially, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that provides useful information regarding brain tissue structures and anomalies.