Chloride-induced morphology transformations of the Cu(110) surface in dilute HCl.

Morphological changes of a bare Cu(110) substrate in 10 mM HCl aqueous solution have been studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical scanning tunneling microscopy (EC-STM), and reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS). At cathodic potentials more positive than the hydrogen evolution reaction, a bare copper surface (1 × 1) structure is found by EC-STM. At anodic potentials more negative than the copper(II) dissolution reaction, a furrowed structure is found.