Factors associated with smoking contemplation and maintenance among Iranian adolescents.

Background: Evidence is scarce on which factors contribute to cigarette and waterpipe contemplation and no previous study has examined the factors associated with waterpipe maintenance.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with cigarette and waterpipe smoking contemplation and maintenance among Iranian adolescents.

Methods: Factors including depression, risky behaviour, family conflict, attitude to smoking acceptability and self-efficacy were examined using a questionnaire for 5500 adolescents at the smoking contemplation or maintenance stage.

Adolescent Perception on School Environment and Smoking Behavior: Analysis of Isfahan Tobacco use Prevention Program.

Background: School provides a set of condition which is very important determinant for student smoking behavior. This study aims at exploring the association of the school environment on Iranian middle and high school students smoking.

Methods: A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was circulated among 5500 randomly selected students with 98.