Pyrazole derivatives as antileishmanial agents: Biological evaluation, molecular docking study, DFT analysis and ADME prediction.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that is commonly found in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Currently, there is no protective antileishmanial vaccine, and the available clinical drugs have serious side effects. On the other hand, due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of the causative pathogens, the study and design of novel antileishmanial agents is urgently needed.

In vitro and in vivo anti-parasitic activity of curcumin nanoemulsion on Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER).

The present study aimed to assess the anti-leishmanial effects of curcumin nanoemulsion (CUR-NE) against Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. CUR-NE was successfully prepared via the spontaneous emulsification method. The in vitro effect of various concentrations of CUR-NE against L.

SARS-CoV-2 mechanisms of cell tropism in various organs considering host factors.

A critical step in the drug design for SARS-CoV-2 is to discover its molecular targets. This study comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, exploring host cell tropism and interaction targets crucial for cell entry. The findings revealed that beyond ACE2 as the primary entry receptor, alternative receptors, co-receptors, and several proteases such as TMPRSS2, Furin, Cathepsin L, and ADAM play critical roles in virus entry and subsequent pathogenesis.

Isoenzyme characterization of Leishmania infantum toward checking the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.

Background: Leishmania infantum is the major causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis in Mediterranean regions. Isoenzyme electrophoresis (IE), as a biochemical technique, is applied in the characterization of Leishmania species. The current study attempted to investigate the isoenzyme patterns of logarithmic and stationary promastigotes and axenic amastigotes (amastigote-like) of L.

The potential role of protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) during parasitic infections: a focus on Leishmania spp.

Leishmaniasis is a group of vector-borne diseases caused by intracellular protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania. Leishmania parasites can employ different and numerous sophisticated strategies, including modulating host proteins, cell signaling, and cell responses by parasite proteins, to change the infected host conditions to favor the parasite persistence and induce pathogenesis. In this sense, protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) have been described as crucial proteins that can be modulated during leishmaniasis and affect the pathogenesis process.

A Novel Multiplex LAMP Assay for the Rapid and Accurate Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by from Iran.

Visceral leishmaniosis (VL) is one of the neglected tropical diseases despite being responsible for serious clinical symptoms, some of which lead to fatal outcomes. Thus, there is a need to apply accurate, rapid, and specific diagnostic measurements in order to control the disease and reduce the mortality rate. We aimed to develop and validate a multiplex LAMP assay for the diagnosis of VL caused by ().

A novel outlook in the delivery of artemisinin: production and efficacy in experimental visceral leishmaniasis.

The visceral form of leishmaniasis (VL), due to infection by , is a neglected tropical disease. The accessible therapeutic options are limited. Artemisinin is an efficient antileishmanial product with poor biological availability that requires high repetition of therapeutic doses in VL.

In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of the hanging sedge flavonoids based on bio- guided fractionation assay.

As a major public health issue, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has a number of complications, including drug resistance and poor response to conventional treatments. Over the last decade, research on natural sources for finding new antileishmanial agents has been a critical part of tropical disease research. Natural products also should be regarded as one of the most valuable applications for CL infection drug development.

The novel treatments based on tissue engineering, cell therapy and nanotechnology for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a global public health issue. Conventional treatments have substantial costs, side effects, and parasite resistance. Due to easy application and inexpensive cost, topical treatment is the optimal approach for CL.

Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-Labeled Can Be Traced in Fibroblasts.

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is still a neglected tropical disease that can endanger more than 350 million people among 98 countries. can survive in fibroblasts as latent inactive forms. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in cell culture for tracking the labeled in fibroblasts.

Microtubule Disruption Without Learning Impairment in the Unicellular Organism, Paramecium: Implications for Information Processing in Microtubules.

Introduction: Information processing in microtubules is an open question that has not been adequately addressed. It was suggested that microtubules could store and process information in the nervous system or even support consciousness. The unicellular organism, , has a microtubular structure but lacks a neuron or neural network.

Bioinformatics analysis for the purpose of designing a novel multi-epitope DNA vaccine against Leishmania major.

Leishmaniasis is one of the main infectious diseases worldwide. In the midst of all the different forms of the disease, Cutaneous Leishmania (CL) has the highest incidence in the world. Many trial vaccines have been developed with the purpose of generating long-term cell-mediated immunity to Leishmania(L) major.

Molecular-based detection of isolates among sensitive, resistant, and relapsed patients treated with Meglumine Antimoniate.

The appearance of resistance to pentavalent antimony, as the mainline of treatment for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) has been reported from Iran. According to the patients' laboratory and clinical history, 96 archived slides of patients infected with () treated with Meglumine Antimoniate (Glucantime®) were selected. After microscopic examination, Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (Nested-PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) assays were done for each sample.

Evaluating the Typing Power of Six Isoenzymatic Systems for Differentiation of Clinical and Standard Isolates of Candida Species.

Background: Due to the increasing prevalence of candidiasis, early detection of the causative agents may pave the way for the management of this infection. The present study aimed to assess the discriminative power of the six isoenzymatic systems for differentiating the species.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen standard and strains and 30 fluconazole-sensitive and fluconazole-resistant clinical strains of were analyzed using a Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (MLEE) method, including six enzymatic systems consisting of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucose-phosphate isomerase (GPI), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), and malic enzyme (ME).

Spatio-temporal variability of malaria infection in Chahbahar County, Iran: association with the ENSO and rainfall variability.

Malaria is one of the most widespread communicable diseases in the southeast regions of Iran, particularly the Chabahar County. Although the outbreak of this disease is a climate-related phenomenon, a comprehensive analysis of the malaria-climate relationship has not yet been investigated in Iran. The aims of this study are as follows: a) analyzing the seasonal characteristics of the various species of the infection; b) differentiating between number of patients during El Niño and La Niña and also during the wet and dry years.

The effect of integration of basic and clinical aspects of a specific topic in a parasitology course on medical students learning: A randomized controlled trial.

Background And Aim: Parasitology course is one of the basic science courses in the educational curriculum for medical students. Since the integration of basic and clinical sciences has helped students better understand the basic science course content, the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of integration of basic and clinical aspects of a specific topic in a parasitology course on medical students learning.

Materials And Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 110 undergraduate fifth-semester medical students from April to July 2018.

In vitro effect of artemether-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) on .

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an acute and deadly form of leishmaniasis, caused by parasite. Due to the toxicity and side effects of conventional treatment options, such as glucantime and other pentavalent drugs, finding novel drugs with fewer adverse effects is required. Artemether (ART), is one of the derivatives of artemisinin, which was shown to be effective in treating malaria and more recently, leishmaniasis.

Association between Blastocystis sp. infection and immunocompromised patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The significance of opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients and the enigmatic pathogenicity of Blastocystis directed us to conduct the first global systematic review and meta-analysis on Blastocystis prevalence, odds ratios (ORs), and subtypes distribution in various immunocompromised patients (HIV/AIDS, cancer and hemodialysis patients, as well as transplant recipients). The systematic searching procedure was done in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases for relevant published literature until November 11, 2020. Random-effects model was utilized to calculate the weighted estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Geographical distribution and molecular epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Fars Province, southern Iran.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the important zoonotic diseases in Iran, particularly in Fars Province, southern Iran. The purpose of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to investigate the molecular identification and geographical distribution of anthroponotic and zoonotic CL in southern Iran, during 2018-2019. Overall, 161 patients with CL referred to the Leishmaniasis Diagnostic Laboratory, Valfajr Health Center, Shiraz, Iran, were included in this study.

Investigating the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Immunocompromised Patients in Bushehr Province, Southwest Iran: A Conventional and Molecular Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the status of intestinal parasitic infections in immunocompromised patients in Bushehr province, southwest Iran by conventional and molecular methods.

Methods: A total of 201 stool samples were collected from kidney transplant recipients, AIDS patients and patients under chemotherapy. Samples were collected from healthy people as the control group.

Leishmanial apolipoprotein A-I expression: a possible strategy used by the parasite to evade the host's immune response.

Apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) represents the main component of the lytic factor (TLF) which contributes to the host innate immunity against and . These parasites use complex and multiple strategies such as molecular mimicry to evade or subvert the host immune system. Previous studies have highlighted the adaptation mechanisms of TLF-resistant species.

Designing of a Novel Fusion Protein Vaccine Candidate Against Human Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) Using Immunoinformatics and Structural Approaches.

Leishmaniasis is caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite. The clinical forms of leishmaniasis differ from cutaneous leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) which depend on the parasite species and the host's immune responses. There are significant challenges to the available anti-leishmanial drug therapy, particularly in severe forms of disease, and the rise of drug resistance has made it more difficult.