Antidepressant Effect of Combined Ketamine and Electroconvulsive Therapy on Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Trial.

Background: One of the shortcomings of the available treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) is the time delay between starting the treatment and achieving an antidepressant response.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the effect of Ketamine as a synergistic antidepressant and anesthetic agent on MDD in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Patients And Methods: Twenty-two patients with MDD received Ketamine and Propofol as anesthetic agents compared with 20 patients as the control group who received Propofol in a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Granisetron as an add-on to risperidone for treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

Some 5-HT3 antagonists such as ondansetron have shown beneficial effects on negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of granisetron (another 5-HT3 antagonist) add-on therapy in the treatment of negative symptoms of patients with stable schizophrenia. In a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study, forty stable patients with schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR), were randomized to either granisetron (1 mg twice daily) or placebo (twice daily) in addition to risperidone up to 6 mg/day for eight weeks.

Remifentanil added to propofol for induction of anesthesia can reduce reorientation time after electroconvulsive therapy in patients with severe mania.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of adding remifentanil to propofol used in the induction of anesthesia in efficacy, and to investigate the cognitive adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the treatment of patients with severe mania.

Methods: Thirty-eight patients' condition was diagnosed as manic episode by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria and were prescribed ECT by their physicians were included in a double-blind study and were randomly allocated to receive premedication with either remifentanil-atropine (study) or saline-atropine (control). Induction of anesthesia was done with propofol (1 mg/kg) and succinylcholine (0.

Sildenafil adjunctive therapy to risperidone in the treatment of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Rational: It has been suggested that phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors such as sildenafil may be effective in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effect of sildenafil added to risperidone as augmentation therapy in patients with chronic schizophrenia and prominent negative symptoms in a double-blind and randomized clinical trial.

Methods: Eligible participants in the study were 40 patients with chronic schizophrenia with ages ranging from 18 to 45 years.

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 6-week study on the efficacy and safety of the tamoxifen adjunctive to lithium in acute bipolar mania.

Background: Considerable amount of biochemical data supports the potential involvement of protein kinase C in the pathophysiology and treatment of bipolar disorder. The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of tamoxifen as an adjunct to lithium for the treatment of acute mania in hospitalized bipolar patients.

Methods: Eligible participants were 40 inpatients, between the ages of 19 and 49 years with current manic episode.