Case report: Pallidal deep brain stimulation for treatment of tardive dystonia/dyskinesia secondary to chronic metoclopramide medication.

Objectives: Tardive dystonia/dyskinesia (TDD) occurs as a side effect of anti-dopaminergic drugs, including metoclopramide, and is often refractory to medication. While pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become an accepted treatment for TDD secondary to neuroleptic medication, there is much less knowledge about its effects on metoclopramide-induced TDD.

Methods: We present the case of a woman with metoclopramide-induced TDD, whose symptoms were initially misjudged as "functional.

Management Strategy of Intracranial Complications of Sinusitis: Our Experience and Review of the Literature.

Objective: Sinusitis or rhinosinusitis is a very common disease worldwide, and in some cases, it leads to intracranial complications (ICS). These are more common in immunocompromised patients or with underlying comorbidities, but even healthy individuals, can be affected. Nowadays, ICS have become less common thanks to improved antibiotic therapies, radiological diagnostic methods, surgical techniques and skills.

Robot-induced hallucinations in Parkinson's disease depend on altered sensorimotor processing in fronto-temporal network.

Hallucinations in Parkinson's disease (PD) are disturbing and frequent non-motor symptoms and constitute a major risk factor for psychosis and dementia. We report a robotics-based approach applying conflicting sensorimotor stimulation, enabling the induction of presence hallucinations (PHs) and the characterization of a subgroup of patients with PD with enhanced sensitivity for conflicting sensorimotor stimulation and robot-induced PH. We next identify the fronto-temporal network of PH by combining MR-compatible robotics (and sensorimotor stimulation in healthy participants) and lesion network mapping (neurological patients without PD).

[Brain function in complex regional pain syndrome : implications for pain management].

The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) proposed the current diagnostic description of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) for the distinct and complex chronic pain condition in 1994. Since this classification, studies on the syndrome have led to a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, epidemiology and therapeutic approaches. F.

Peripheral neuropathy and cognitive impairment associated with a novel monoallelic variant.

Background: A 49-year-old male presented with late-onset demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, cerebellar atrophy, and cognitive deficit. Nerve biopsy revealed intra-axonal inclusions suggestive of polyglucosan bodies, raising the suspicion of adult polyglucosan bodies disease (OMIM 263570).

Methods And Results: While known genes associated with polyglucosan bodies storage were negative, whole-exome sequencing identified an unreported monoallelic variant, c.

Erratic movement disorders disclosing Graves' disease and paralleling thyroid function but not autoantibody levels.

Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune pathology characterized by hyperthyroidism and the presence of specific anti-thyroid antibodies. Neurological symptoms such as seizures, cognitive impairment, and tremor can be observed during the course of GD, but more complex movement disorders such as chorea and myoclonus are less frequent. The mechanisms underlying movement disorders in GD are not fully understood.

[Capgras delusion and Alzheimer disease].

Capgras delusion is classified with the misidentification syndromes. In dementia it associates cognitive deficiency of memory and facial recognition (prosopoagnosia) with delirious idea of substitution by a double. The first reported case in the paper describes the important affective and comportmental reactions due to the identification of a double perceived as an imposter, affecting both the suffering person and his family.

[Abnormal movements and internal medicine pathologies].

Hyperkinesias can be revelaed by an internal medicine pathology. An acute chorea can be found in association with non ketotic hypergycemia, lupus, antiphospholipid syndrome, endocrinopathies, pregnancy or oral contraceptive initiation, or psychostimulant medication. Acute dystonic syndromes are found in association with the initiation of an old generation neuroleptic, metoclopramide, oral contraceptive and pregnancy.

Combined thalamic and subthalamic deep brain stimulation for tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the thalamic ventral intermediate (Vim) or the subthalamic nucleus (STN) reportedly improves medication-refractory Parkinson's disease (PD) tremor. However, little is known about the potential synergic effects of combined Vim and STN DBS. We describe a 79-year-old man with medication-refractory tremor-dominant PD.

Definition and management of varicella zoster virus-associated meningoradiculitis: a case report.

Background: The varicella zoster virus affects the central or peripheral nervous systems upon reactivation, especially when cell-mediated immunity is impaired. Among varicella zoster virus-related neurological syndromes, meningoradiculitis is an ill-defined condition for which clear management guidelines are still lacking. Zoster paresis is usually considered to be a varicella zoster virus-peripheral nervous system complication and treated with oral antiviral therapy.

[Dementia with motor and language disorders].

Memory is not the only core diagnostic criteria in Alzheimer's disease and many dementias are characterized by other cognitive deficits. Moreover dementias are often associated with multiple and complex motor signs. The first part of this reviewcovers parkinsonism in diffuse Lewy Body Disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, corticobasal syndrome, or motor deficit in the motoneurone disease-frontotemporal dementia spectrum.

Visual signs and symptoms in patients with the visual variant of Alzheimer disease.

Background: Prominent visual symptoms can present in the visual variant of Alzheimer's disease (VVAD). Ophthalmologists have a significant role to play in the early diagnosis of VVAD.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the files of ten consecutive patients diagnosed with VVAD.

[Mirror behaviors in dementia: the many mirror signs].

Mirror behaviors in advanced dementia are: the mirror sign of Abely and Delmas, where the patient stares at his face (environment-driven behavior of Lhermitte); non recognition of the self in the mirror (autoprosopagnosia and/or delirious auto-Capgras); mirror agnosia of Ramachandran and Binkofski where the patient do not understand the concept of mirror and its use; the psychovisual reflex, or reflex pursuit of the eyes when passively moving a minrror in front of a patient (intact vision); mirror writing (procedural learning). We describe four demented patients with mirror behaviors assessing brain mechanisms of self recognition, social brain and mental and visuo-spatial manipulation of images and objects.

Demyelination in mild cognitive impairment suggests progression path to Alzheimer's disease.

The preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) - amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) - is manifested by phenotypes classified into exclusively memory (single-domain) MCI (sMCI) and multiple-domain MCI (mMCI). We suggest that typical MCI-to-AD progression occurs through the sMCI-to-mMCI sequence as a result of the extension of initial pathological processes. To support this hypothesis, we assess myelin content with a Magnetization Transfer Ratio (MTR) in 21 sMCI and 21 mMCI patients and in 42 age-, sex-, and education-matched controls.

[Acute amnestic syndrome: left thalamo-polar infarct].

An 80-year old American patient was found wandering in a mountain village of Switzerland, with an anterograde, prospective, retrograde, dyschronologic amnesic syndrome without confabulation, paramnesia or false recognitions, disoriented, slightly confused, with no focal sensory, motor, ataxic or visual field deficit, with a mild dysexecutive syndrome. The MR imaging showed an acute thalamo-polar artery infarct. A dysconnection of the mamillo-othalamic and thalamo-temporal pathways is felt at the origin of the amnesic syndrome.

VPS35 mutations in Parkinson disease.

The identification of genetic causes for Mendelian disorders has been based on the collection of multi-incident families, linkage analysis, and sequencing of genes in candidate intervals. This study describes the application of next-generation sequencing technologies to a Swiss kindred presenting with autosomal-dominant, late-onset Parkinson disease (PD). The family has tremor-predominant dopa-responsive parkinsonism with a mean onset of 50.

Inhibition in early Alzheimer's disease: an fMRI-based study of effective connectivity.

Changes of functional connectivity in prodromal and early Alzheimer's disease can arise from compensatory and/or pathological processes. We hypothesized that i) there is impairment of effective inhibition associated with early Alzheimer's disease that may lead to ii) a paradoxical increase of functional connectivity. To this end we analyzed effective connectivity in 14 patients and 16 matched controls using dynamic causal modeling of functional MRI time series recorded during a visual inter-hemispheric integration task.

[Therapeutic advances in neurology].

This article summarizes the main therapeutic advances of 2010 in the field of neurology. It focuses on aspects that are likely to change the care of patients in clinical practice. Among these, we discuss the new oral treatments that have proved to be effective in multiple sclerosis, the results of two large studies comparing endarterectomy and stenting in carotid stenosis, novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease as well as the results of several pharmacological studies in the field of epilepsy.