Extralimbic autoimmune encephalitis associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies: an underdiagnosed entity?

Nonparaneoplastic glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADAb)-related autoimmune encephalitis is a syndrome characterized by refractory seizures, progressive cognitive deficits, and psychiatric manifestations. The limbic subtype is well described, has characteristic affective and memory disturbances, and typical mesial temporal MRI abnormalities. We found only one single case report of the extralimbic subtype.

Ryanodine calcium channel: a novel channelopathy for seizures.

Introduction: Catecholamine-induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is one of the most severe inherited arrhythmogenic disorders, where patients clinically present with syncope or seizures.

Case: An 18-year-old white male with a history of mild developmental delay and CPVT, was brought to the ED after an episode of unresponsiveness for several minutes. The EMS documented a rhythm strip showing sinus tachycardia.