Association of household food insecurity with sociodemographic factors and obesity in US youth: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018.

Background: The objective is to determine the prevalence of household food insecurity (HFI) based on sociodemographic factors and their relationship to obesity in youth.

Methods: The study included a sample of 1,962 youth (aged 6-18) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The US Household Food Security Survey Module is used to measure food security over the past 12 months.

Adherence to physical activity and screen time recommendations of youth: Demographic differences from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018.

Background: Engaging in physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behaviors among youth are linked to improved mental and physical health. This study aimed to examine demographic differences among youth adhering to PA and Screen Time (ST) recommendations.

Methods: The present study utilized data from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Clinical Phenotype and Disease Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Iran: Results of the Iranian Registry of Crohn's and Colitis (IRCC).

Background: Data on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the Middle East are scarce. We aimed to describe the clinical phenotype, disease course, and medication usage of IBD cases from Iran in the Middle East.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of registered IBD patients in the Iranian Registry of Crohn's and Colitis (IRCC) from 2017 until 2022.

Anti-oxidant effect of nitrite in the pancreatic islets of type 2 diabetic male rats.

Objectives: Nitrite, a nitric oxide (NO) donor, increases insulin secretion from pancreatic islets and has positive metabolic effects in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we test the hypothesis of whether nitrite-induced insulin secretion is due to blunting of diabetes-induced oxidative stress in the islets.

Materials And Methods: T2D was created in male rats using a combination of streptozotocin at 25 mg/kg and a high-fat diet.

Reduced Expression Level of Protein Phosphatase PPM1E Serves to Maintain Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes.

Reversible phosphorylation is an important regulatory mechanism. Regulation of protein phosphorylation in β-cells has been extensively investigated, but less is known about protein dephosphorylation. To understand the role of protein dephosphorylation in β-cells and type 2 diabetes (T2D), we first examined mRNA expression of the type 2C family (PP2C) of protein phosphatases in islets from T2D donors.

Hydrogen sulfide potentiates the protective effects of nitrite against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in type 2 diabetic rats.

Decreased heart levels of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (HS) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with a higher risk of mortality following ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. This study aimed to determine the effects of co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) on IR injury in the isolated heart from rats with T2D. Two-month-old male rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 7/group): Control, T2D, T2D + nitrite, T2D + NaSH, and T2D + nitrite + NaSH.

Management of a critically ill patient with COVID-19-related fulminant myocarditis: A case report.

A 78-year-old man with COVID-19 infection was admitted. Initial echocardiography indicated left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 15%, high pulmonary arterial pressure, severe left ventricular dysfunction, mild diastolic dysfunction, mild regurgitation mitral valve, and normal septal thickness. Considering the probable diagnosis of COVID-19-related myocarditis, the patient was early managed with the antivirals, immunomodulatory agents, a high dose of ascorbic acid, melatonin, and immunoglobulin therapy.

Ribosomal biogenesis regulator DIMT1 controls β-cell protein synthesis, mitochondrial function, and insulin secretion.

We previously reported that loss of mitochondrial transcription factor B1 (TFB1M) leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and is involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Whether defects in ribosomal processing impact mitochondrial function and could play a pathogenetic role in β-cells and T2D is not known. To this end, we explored expression and the functional role of dimethyladenosine transferase 1 homolog (DIMT1), a homolog of TFB1M and a ribosomal RNA (rRNA) methyltransferase implicated in the control of rRNA.

Dietary and Socio-Economic Predictors of Obesity Among 2-5-Year Old in Northwest Iran.

Background: As a rising epidemic in developing countries, childhood obesity and overweight need particular attention.

Methods: The sample ( = 2432) was randomly selected among children aged 24-59 months living in West Azerbaijan Province whose information was recorded in SIB software. The survey questionnaire is derived from the Demographic and Health Survey and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey questionnaires designed by the WHO 2017 and UNICEF 2017, respectively.

Discovery of thymosin β4 as a human exerkine and growth factor.

Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ secreting exercise-induced factors (exerkines), which play a pivotal role in interorgan cross talk. Using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, we characterized the secretome and identified thymosin β4 (TMSB4X) as the most upregulated secreted protein in the media of contracting C2C12 myotubes. TMSB4X was also acutely increased in the plasma of exercising humans irrespective of the insulin resistance condition or exercise mode.

Sodium hydrosulfide has no additive effects on nitrite-inhibited renal gluconeogenesis in type 2 diabetic rats.

Objective: Increased renal and hepatic gluconeogenesis are important sources of fasting hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The inhibitory effect of co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) on hepatic but not renal gluconeogenesis has been reported in rats with T2D. The present study aimed to determine the effects of co-administration of sodium nitrite and NaSH on the expression of genes involved in renal gluconeogenesis in rats with T2D.

Evaluating the Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Hemodynamic Status of Patients with Septic Shock Admitted to Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Septic shock, known as the most severe complication of sepsis, is a serious medical condition that can lead to death. Clinical symptoms of sepsis include changes in body temperature in the form of hypothermia or hyperthermia, tachypnea or hyperventilation, tachycardia, leukocytosis or leukopenia, and variations in blood pressure, as well as altered state of consciousness. One of the main problems in septic shock is poor response along with reduced vascular reactivity to vasopressors used to increase blood pressure.

Long-term co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis in male type 2 diabetic rats: Role of PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway.

Objective: A deficiency in hydrogen sulfide (HS) and nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). An inhibitory effect on liver gluconeogenesis has been reported in rats with T2D with co-administration of sodium nitrite and sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH); the underlying mechanisms have however not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study is to determine the long-term effects of co-administering sodium nitrite and NaSH on expression of genes involved in liver gluconeogenesis in rats with T2D.

Insulin/Glucose-Responsive Cells Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Disease Modeling and Treatment of Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance in peripheral organs, accounts for more than 90% of all diabetes. Despite current developments of new drugs and strategies to prevent/treat diabetes, there is no ideal therapy targeting all aspects of the disease. Restoration, however, of insulin-producing β-cells, as well as insulin-responsive cells, would be a logical strategy for the treatment of diabetes.

Insulin secretion: The nitric oxide controversy.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas that serves as a ubiquitous signaling molecule participating in physiological activities of various organ systems. Nitric oxide is produced in the endocrine pancreas and contributes to synthesis and secretion of insulin. The potential role of NO in insulin secretion is disputable - both stimulatory and inhibitory effects have been reported.

Inorganic nitrate, a natural anti-obesity agent: A systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.

Evidence for potential effects of inorganic nitrate (NO) on body weight is limited to inconsistent findings of animal experiments. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to quantify the overall effect of inorganic NO, administered via drinking water, on body weight gain in rats. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, and the reference lists of published papers.

Roles and Interaction of the MAPK Signaling Cascade in Aβ25-35-Induced Neurotoxicity Using an Isolated Primary Hippocampal Cell Culture System.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized with increased formation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. Aβ peptide toxicity is associated with disturbances of several intracellular signaling pathways such as mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MAPKs and their interactions in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity using isolated hippocampal neurons from the rat.

Protective effect of intermediate doses of hydrogen sulfide against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in obese type 2 diabetic rats.

Objective: Subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have lower circulating hydrogen sulfide (HS) levels following myocardial ischemia and a higher risk of mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the dose-dependent favorable effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats with T2D.

Methods: T2D was induced using a high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose of streptozotocin.

Dose-Dependent Effects of Long-Term Administration of Hydrogen Sulfide on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Male Wistar Rats: Modulation of RKIP, NF-κB, and Oxidative Stress.

Decreased circulating levels of hydrogen sulfide (HS) are associated with higher mortality following myocardial ischemia. This study aimed at determining the long-term dose-dependent effects of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) administration on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Male rats were divided into control and NaSH groups that were treated for 9 weeks with daily intraperitoneal injections of normal saline or NaSH (0.

Data Extraction from Graphs Using Adobe Photoshop: Applications for Meta-Analyses.

Graphs, an effective form of data presentation, are used for summarizing complex information and making them easier to understand. Extracting numerical data from graphs, which is commonly required in systematic reviews and meta-analyses, is however a challenging issue. Since this kind of results presentation is common, ignorance of such data may result in publication bias when conducting meta-analyses.