Nano-engineered eco-friendly materials for food safety: Chemistry, design and sustainability.

The sensitive detection, extraction and analysis of organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals as contaminants in food is very crucial. For this purpose, the effective utilization of sustainable nanomaterials is a promising strategy that combines the benefits of sustainability principles with nanotechnology to ensure the quality and safety of food products. Eco-friendly nanomaterials are distinguished by their exceptional properties, including sustainable synthesis, minimized ecological impact, and production from renewable or waste resources (e.

Measurement of angle and axis of rotation in a carousel interferometer: a detailed analysis.

A detailed analysis of a carousel interferometer is presented for the measurement of an unknown angle and axis of rotation. The technique exploits a set of compensator glass plates and a right-angle prism that is placed in each of the two arms of the interferometer. The two sets are placed at the same rotational stage, while the end mirrors of the interferometer are static.

Optical measurements of angle and axis of rotation.

A carousel interferometer is designed to find the unknown angle and axis of rotation simultaneously. A set consisting of a compensator glass plate and a right-angle prism is placed in each of the two arms of the interferometer while located at the same rotational stage. When rotation takes place individual and relative optical path differences are generated in the beams that contribute toward finding out the angle and axis of rotation.

Optimization of linearity by use of a glass plate in carousel interferometers.

Carousel interferometers are compact swinging interferometers, but their popularity is limited because of significant nonlinearity in rotational measurements. Introducing a glass plate in a rotating interferometer and optimizing its thickness has improved the linearity drastically. Computer simulations show reductions in nonlinearity of several orders of magnitude.

Lead content of petrol and diesel and its assessment in an urban environment.

Pakistan is one of the few countries in Asia that continues to use only leaded-petrol as vehicular fuel. The concentration of Pb in its petrol reported in 1991 was the highest (1.5-2.