Publications by authors named "Ghazaleh Pashmi"
Background: Public health in England has opportunities to reduce alcohol-related harms via shaping the availability and accessibility of alcohol through the licensing function in local government. While the constraints of licensing legislation have been recognised, what is currently little understood are the day-to-day realities of how public health practitioners enact the licensing role, and how they can influence the local alcohol environment.
Methods: To address this, a mixed-methods study was conducted across 24 local authorities in Greater London between 2016 and 17.
Introduction: There are increased opportunities for public health practitioners (PHPs) in England to shape alcohol availability and reduce harms through a statutory role in licensing processes in local government. However, how public health can effectively influence alcohol licence decision-making is little understood.
Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted to identify challenges faced by PHPs and mechanisms to strengthen their role.
Article Synopsis
- Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) aren't very effective for quitting smoking, partly due to the effects of cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine that interferes with its action.
- Research shows that cotinine acts as a weak agonist, which can reduce the effectiveness of nicotine by desensitizing receptors in the body.
- An experimental anti-cotinine vaccine was developed, leading to the production of antibodies that specifically target cotinine, which might help improve smoking cessation efforts by preventing cotinine from hindering nicotine's effects.
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) signals though two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNFR1 has a role in cytotoxicity, whereas TNFR2 regulates death responses or proliferation. TNF activates pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by uncertain signalling mechanisms.
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