Factors contributing to the minimum water column stability and timing of the winter turnover in the Ogouchi reservoir.

Turnover in lakes and reservoirs causes circulation in the water column from the bottom to the surface when the water column stability becomes low. Previous studies commonly mentioned that turnover occurs when stratification indices become small, but the threshold is rarely discussed. While turnover phenomena have been extensively studied by evaluating changes in bottom dissolved oxygen (DO), the relationship between the disappearance of hypoxia and water temperature indices has not been determined.

Spontaneous regression of congenital brain tumors: a report of two cases.

Background: Vanishing brain tumor is defined as spontaneously disappearing or decreasing of the initial brain mass volume to ≤ 70% before establishing the definitive diagnosis. The condition is rare and can be attributed to different factors. The exact mechanism is under debate, but the increasing rate and accuracy of neuroimaging studies and occurrence of similar scenario in other pathologies rather than brain tumors can be of particular importance in finding vanishing brain lesions.

Isolated primary spinal epidural hydatid cyst in a child with progressive paraparesis.

Background: Primary spinal hydatid cyst is a rare but serious condition which occurs in about 1% of patients with hydatid disease. This disease may result in severe spinal cord compression presenting with various neurological deficits.

Case Report: A 3-year-old boy was referred to our center with progressive weakness of lower limbs, frequency, and urinary incontinence.

Prenatal ventriculomegaly: natural course, survival, and neurodevelopmental status.

Objective: Prenatal ventriculomegaly is classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the atrium diameter. The natural course and intrauterine progression of mild and moderate ventriculomegaly associated with the neurodevelopmental status of these children has been widely reported.

Methods: One hundred twenty-two pregnancies with mild and moderate ventriculomegaly referred to the pediatric neurosurgery clinic of Children's Medical Center between 2010 and 2018 were retrospectively studied.

The data set development for the National Spinal Cord Injury Registry of Iran (NSCIR-IR): progress toward improving the quality of care.

Study Design: Descriptive study.

Objectives: The aim of this manuscript is to describe the development process of the data set for the National Spinal Cord Injury Registry of Iran (NSCIR-IR).

Setting: SCI community in Iran.

White Matter Tract Alterations in Drug-Naïve Parkinson's Disease Patients With Excessive Daytime Sleepiness.

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is relatively frequent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), having a prominent burden on patients' quality of life and causing dangerous events such as motor-vehicle accidents. Previous studies have indicated the role of certain neural tracts in the pathophysiology of sleep disturbances, especially in PD patients. We hypothesized that white matter integrity and connectivity might be altered in patients with PD and EDS.

Contralateral facial nerve paresis subsequent to posterior fossa meningioma surgery in a child: case report.

Introduction: Meningiomas are relatively uncommon neoplasms in the pediatric population and posterior fossa is a very rare location for these tumors. Only a few cases of contralateral cranial nerve deficits have been reported but no cases of pediatric meningioma with contralateral facial nerve paresis have been documented in literature.

Cerebellopontine Angle Meningioma Who Case Report: We present a 4 year old girl with found postoperative contralateral facial nerve paresis.

Role of p38/MAPKs in Alzheimer's disease: implications for amyloid beta toxicity targeted therapy.

A myriad of environmental and genetic factors, as well as the physiologic process of aging, contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Neuroinflammation is and has been a focus of interest, as a common gateway for initiation of many of the underlying pathologies of AD. Amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, increasing RAGE expression, tau hyperphosphorylation, induction of apoptosis, and deregulated autophagy are among other mechanisms, partly entangled and being explained by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK signaling.