Targeted Endodontic Access Preparation: Comparing Grid-Guided and Freehand CBCT Techniques.

Introduction: Endodontic access is often one of the most challenging aspects of treatment, particularly in cases involving locating calcified or missed canals, or when performing selective retreatments of a targeted root. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of targeted accesses made using prefabricated grid to those made using freehand techniques with CBCT measurements METHODS: Twenty extracted maxillary molars were mounted into the TrueJaw maxillary model (PlanB Dental, CA). To replicate a clinical scenario where the tooth is extensively restored or has a calcified pulp chamber, the build-up material was intentionally placed directly over the canal orifices.

Inter-regulatory role of microRNAs in interaction between viruses and stem cells.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are well known for post-transcriptional regulatory ability over specific mRNA targets. miRNAs exhibit temporal or tissue-specific expression patterns and regulate the cell and tissue developmental pathways. They also have determinative roles in production and differentiation of multiple lineages of stem cells and might have therapeutic advantages.

Systematic approach to isolating Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.

We developed a protocol for isolating the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) from anurans. We sampled skin tissues from 2 common treefrogs, Pseudacris regilla and P. triseriata, collected from populations with high infection prevalence.