Timing of vitrectomy for treatment of endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-VEGF injection: a systematic literature review of case reports and series.

Objective: To perform a systematic literature review analyzing visual outcomes of immediate, early, and delayed vitrectomy in the treatment of acute endophthalmitis after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections.

Methods: We conducted a literature search using the Ovid Medline, Embase.com, and Web of Science databases, and relevant articles were selected from original English papers published from 2005 to 2021.

Intravitreal Antibiotics versus Early Vitrectomy Plus Intravitreal Antibiotics for Postinjection Endophthalmitis: An IRIS® (Intelligent Research in Sight Registry) Analysis.

Purpose: To determine if intravitreal injection of antibiotics alone versus early pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) plus injection of intravitreal antibiotics predicted better or worse visual outcomes for patients with endophthalmitis after anti-VEGF injections.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Patients developing endophthalmitis after receiving an intravitreal anti-VEGF injection from the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® (Intelligent Research in Sight) Registry between 2016 and 2020.

Optimized Classification of Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS)-Enabled GEO Satellite Signals.

The intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a cutting-edge technology for cost-effectively achieving future spectrum- and energy-efficient wireless communication. In particular, an IRS comprises many low-cost passive devices that can independently reflect the incident signal with a configurable phase shift to produce three-dimensional (3D) passive beamforming without transmitting Radio-Frequency (RF) chains. Thus, the IRS can be utilized to greatly improve wireless channel conditions and increase the dependability of communication systems.

Transhepatic versus transperitoneal approach in percutaneous cholecystostomy: a meta-analysis.

Aim: To determine whether the transhepatic or transperitoneal approach is the optimal percutaneous cholecystostomy approach.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken in which the Medline, EMBASE, and PubMed databases were searched for studies that compared both approaches in patients undergoing percutaneous cholecystostomy. Statistical analysis of dichotomous variables was carried out using odds ratio as the summary statistic.

Automatic Modulation Recognition Based on the Optimized Linear Combination of Higher-Order Cumulants.

Automatic modulation recognition (AMR) is used in various domains-from general-purpose communication to many military applications-thanks to the growing popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) and related communication technologies. In this research article, we propose an innovative idea of combining the classical mathematical technique of computing linear combinations (LCs) of cumulants with a genetic algorithm (GA) to create super-cumulants. These super-cumulants are further used to classify five digital modulation schemes on fading channels using the K-nearest neighbor (KNN).

Artificial Bee Colony Based Gabor Parameters Optimizer (ABC-GPO) for Modulation Classification.

Modulation classification is one of the essential requirements in the various cognitive radio applications where prior information about the incoming signal is unknown. The modulation classification using a pattern recognition approach can be achieved in 2 modules: first, parameters are extracted from the noisy signal, and then feature selection is carried out using a Gabor filter network (GFN). In the second module, features are exploited for classification purposes.

Empathy scores amongst undergraduate medical students and its correlation to their academic performance.

Introduction: Empathy is one of the soft skills required for building rapport and having meaningful patient-doctor interaction. Its effect on academic performance at the undergraduate level amongst Pakistani medical students is not known. This study was done to assess the relationship between empathy and gender, and the academic performance of undergraduate medical students of Azad Kashmir.

Assessment of the relationship between the educational environment and academic performance of undergraduate medical students of Azad Kashmir.

Objective: To assess the relationship between the educational environment and academic performance of undergraduate medical students of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2018 to September 2019 at Poonch Medical College, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, and comprised undergraduate medical students of either gender from first to fifth year of studies. Data was collected using the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure questionnaire which was distributed electronically to the students.

Predictors of Price Transparency for Cataract Surgery and Laser Posterior Capsulotomy at Academic Hospitals in the United States.

Purpose: To describe the characteristics of United States (US) academic hospitals that predict transparency of cash and commercial payer-negotiated prices for cataract surgery (CS) and laser posterior capsulotomy (LPC).

Methods: A systematic review of websites for hospitals affiliated with ophthalmology residency programs was conducted to determine price transparency. Hospital characteristics were extracted from the American Hospital Association Annual Survey and Turquoise Health.

Accuracy of lung ultrasound and chest X-rays in diagnosing acute pulmonary oedema in patients presenting with acute dyspnoea in emergency department.

To determine the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound and chest X-ray in diagnosing Acute Pulmonary Oedema in patients presenting with acute dyspnoea in emergency department, a study was conducted at the emergency department of Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, from July 31, 2018 to January 31, 2019. A total of 225 patients presenting with dyspnoea and satisfying the inclusion criteria were assessed through clinical examination, lung ultrasound (LUS) and chest X-ray. The results of chest X-ray and lung ultrasound were compared with clinical diagnosis.

Assessment of the relationship between self-esteem and academic score of undergraduate medical students of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.

A cross-sectional observational study was performed at the Poonch Medical College, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, from June 2018 to June 2019 to assess the relationship between self-esteem and the academic score of undergraduate medical students. Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSE) scale was used as data collection tool. The study questionnaire was electronically distributed to all 500 students enrolled in the Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (M.

Histological Stains in the Past, Present, and Future.

Certain contemporary histology stains and methods are not the same as those used in the past. This progression has delved into the requirement for more precise, less complex, and efficient staining procedures. The objective of this study is to assess historical and contemporary stains and procedures, as well as the challenges surrounding their improvement.

ENDOPHTHALMITIS AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC WITH IMPLEMENTATION OF UNIVERSAL MASKING.

Purpose: To evaluate the rates of postintravitreal injection-related endophthalmitis during the COVID-19 pandemic with institution of both physician and patient face masking.

Methods: All eyes receiving intravitreal injections of any kind from a single large tertiary retina practice in Houston, TX before (August 2017-March 22, 2020) and after (March 23, 2020-September 2020) COVID-19 pandemic universal masking protocols. The total number of injections and cases of acute injection-related endophthalmitis were determined from billing records and subsequent retrospective chart review.

Assessment of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of peel extracts in hyperglycemic/hypoglycemic rats.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. The management of Diabetes mellitus with phytochemicals is hallmark of this research. Citrus species are known for their health benefits and are used as traditional food in South East Asia.

Clinically-targetable vulnerabilities in cancer metabolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of targeting cancer metabolic vulnerabilities with specific anticancer agents.

Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis entailed search on PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases for cohort-based studies or clinical trials which reported hazard ratio for overall survival and/or median overall survival of patients treated with metabolicallyactive anticancer drugs. Data was analysed using the Number Cruncher Statistical System version 11.

Knowledge and attitudes of Pakistani intensive care unit nurses regarding oral care delivery to mechanically ventilated patients.

Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of intensive care unit nurses regarding oral care delivery to mechanically ventilated patients.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2018 across four hospitals in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Data was obtained from randomly selected nurses with the help of a 14-item self-reporting questionnaire.

Trends of utilization of Complete Blood Count parameters for patient management among doctors in Azad Kashmir.

Objective: To determine the trends of utilization of CBC parameters in patient management among doctors in different hospitals in Kashmir, Pakistan.

Methodd: A self-administered questionnaire-based survey was carried out amongst doctors working in four hospitals of Kashmir i.e.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Blood Donation Among Undergraduate Medical Students in Azad Kashmir.

Objective To evaluate the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate medical students of Poonch Medical College about blood donation. Methods This cross-sectional study was done using a 27-item, validated, interviewer-administered questionnaire involving undergraduate medical students from March to October 2018. Informed consent and ethical clearance were secured.

Prostate-specific antigen velocity in diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer - a systematic review.

Prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV) is widely used to detect PC and predict its progression. In this study, we qualitatively synthesized the currently available evidence from published studies regarding the PSAV role in PC. Electronic databases were searched to find relevant articles published until January 2019.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to diabetes mellitus among diabetic patients with complications in Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir.

Objective: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods: The cross-sectonal study was conducted at Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Hospital, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, from March 26 to September 25, 2017, and comprised patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus who were enrolled using convenience sampling. Each participant completed a self-administered 35-item questionnaire.

Assessment of learning styles of undergraduate medical students and its effect on examination outcomes - a cross-sectional study done in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.

Objective: To assess the learning style preferences of undergraduate medical students and the effect of the preferred learning style on examination outcomes.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2018, at Poonch Medical College, Rawlakot, and Azad Jammu and Kashmir Medical College, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan, and comprised students from 2nd to 5th year. Data was collected using 16 item visual, aural, read/write and kinaesthetic questionnaire version 7.

Relationship between internet addiction and academic performance of undergraduate medical students of Azad Kashmir.

Objective: To assess the relationship between internet addiction (IA) and academic performance among the medical students of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was done involving 316 medical students of Poonch Medical College, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan from May 2018 to November 2018. Dr.

Impact of Social Media Integration in Teaching Methods on Exam Outcomes.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of social media integration in teaching methods on exam outcomes.

Methods: This study was conducted at Poonch Medical College, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan from November 2018 to January 2019. All 125 students of 4th year MBBS were included in the study.