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View Article and Find Full Text PDFDirect differentiation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in the absence of gene manipulation is the most desired alternative to clinical treatment of Parkinson disease. Protein transduction-based methods could be efficient, safe approaches to enhance direct differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to DA neurons. In the present study, we compared the differentiation efficiency of DA neurons from hESCs with and without the application of LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (LMX1A), a master regulatory protein in the development of the midbrain neurons and SHH proteins.
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