Error modulates categorization of subsecond durations in multitasking contexts.

Monitoring errors consumes limited cognitive resources and can disrupt subsequent task performance in multitasking scenarios. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence concerning this interference with prospective estimation of time. In this study, we sought to investigate this issue through a serial multitasking experiment, employing a temporal bisection task as the primary task.

Morphine exposure modulates dimensional bias and set formation in anthropoids.

Humans demonstrate significant behavioural advantages with particular perceptual dimensions (such as colour or shape) and when the relevant dimension is repeated in consecutive trials. These dimension-related behavioural modulations are significantly altered in neuropsychological and addiction disorders; however, their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we studied whether these behavioural modulations exist in other trichromatic primate species and whether repeated exposure to opioids influences them.

Effects of fish oil on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats: inflammatory responses and oxidative stress.

Background: The prevalence of peptic ulcers is increasing due to lifestyle changes and harmful diets.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fish oil (FO) on gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in rats.

Methods: The pharmacological efficacy of FO with doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg investigated using the gastric ulcer index, the acidity of gastric secretions, pro-inflammatory cytokine assessment, and oxidative stress examination.

inhibits proliferation, cell cycle, and migration of cancerous cells, and decreases angiogenesis in chick chorioallantoic membrane.

Objectives: Experimental studies reported that some plants in the genus of (Iridaceae family) show anticancer potential. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of on U87 glioblastoma multiforme and HepG2 liver cancer cells.

Materials And Methods: The cells were incubated for 24 hr with hydroalcoholic extract of the stem, flower, and bulb of .

Protective effect of selenium and vitamin C on the fertility of male rats given penconazole.

Objective: Penconazole is used in agriculture and human and veterinary medicine applications. It has been included in the acute toxicity hazard category by the WHO. This study examines the protective effect of selenium and vitamin C on the fertility of male rats given penconazole.

Molecular characterizations of antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence determinants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burn wound infection.

Background: Burn injuries result in disruption of the skin barrier against opportunistic infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the main infectious agents colonizing burn wounds and making severe infections. Biofilm production and other virulence factors along with antibiotic resistance limit appropriate treatment options and time.

Temporal order judgment of multisensory stimuli in rat and human.

We do not fully understand the resolution at which temporal information is processed by different species. Here we employed a temporal order judgment (TOJ) task in rats and humans to test the temporal precision with which these species can detect the order of presentation of simple stimuli across two modalities of vision and audition. Both species reported the order of audiovisual stimuli when they were presented from a central location at a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA)s.

The effects of probiotic and phytase on growth performance, biochemical parameters and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens.

Background: Probiotics and phytase are commonly used as dietary supplements in poultry diets. Phytase is involved in the release of phosphorus in plant grain ingredient of poultry feed, while probiotics provide beneficial organisms to the gastrointestinal tract.

Objective: The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of both commercial probiotic and phytase on chicken performance and biochemical indices.

A New and Simple Method for Spinal Cord Injury Induction in Mice.

Introduction: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a devastating disease with poor clinical outcomes. Animal models provide great opportunities to expand our horizons in identifying SCI pathophysiological mechanisms and introducing effective treatment strategies. The present study introduces a new murine contusion model.

Case Report: Horseshoe Kidney Transplantation Using Split Technique.

With the increasing demand for donor organs and its limited availability, kidneys with atypical anatomy are being used more and more. The experience with transplanting horseshoe kidneys is limited. Understanding variations in uretero-pelvic anatomy and aberrant vascular anatomy is of paramount importance for the utilization of horse-shoe kidneys for transplantation.

Dynamic modulation of inhibition ability following repeated exposures to morphine in macaque monkey.

Background: Deficits in cognitive control, particularly inhibition ability, play crucial roles in susceptibility, progress, and relapse to opioid addiction. However, it is unclear when and how such deficits develop and interact with repeated exposures to prescribed opioids.

Aim: Using macaque monkey (), as an animal model with high translational merits in cognitive neuroscience, we tried to delineate alterations of inhibition ability in the course of repeated exposures to morphine.

The evaluation of genes and antibiotic resistance rate in strains isolated from meat and intestinal contents of turkey in Isfahan, Iran.

Background: Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) has been described in strains that have been isolated from humans and animals; it has induced a main concern with antibiotic resistance in serious bacterial infections.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of ESBL-producing (EPE) strains in meat and intestinal contents of turkey, and to compare the antibiotic resistance profile between EPE and non-EPE strains.

Methods: Totally, 70 and 110 strains were isolated from turkey meat and turkey intestinal content samples, respectively.

Cytotoxic Effects of Garcinia mangostana Pericarp Extract on Cancer Cell Lines.

Background: Garcinia mangostana, commonly also called mangosteen, is an evergreen tropical tree, and its pericarps have been used in traditional herbal medicine for different diseases. The anticancer efficacy of the ethanolic extract from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana was investigated in human prostate cancer cells (PC3), melanoma cells (B16F10), breast cancer cells (MCF7), and glioblastoma (U87) cell lines.

Methods: 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to measure cell viability.

Serosurvey of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in livestock, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Iran, 2017.

Background & Objectives: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral zoonosis with up to 50% mortality rate in humans. In addition to the role of animals in the transmission of the virus and spread of infected ticks through livestock trade, they can be employed as sentinel hosts for monitoring the infection. Iran is one of the endemic counties for CCHF and the disease has been documented in all provinces.

Application of Exosomes-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treatment of Fungal Diseases: From Basic to Clinical Sciences.

Fungal diseases such as candidiasis are some of the deadliest diseases among immunocompromised patients. These fungi naturally exist on human skin and throughout the digestive system. When the microbiota balance becomes upset, these fungi become pathogenic and potentially lethal.

Mixed metal oxide anodes used for the electrochemical degradation of a real mixed industrial wastewater.

Mixed industrial wastewaters are often highly contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants. Treating these mixed wastewaters requires many stagewise unit operations. Our work investigates using an electrochemical oxidation-in-situ coagulation (ECO-IC) process as a pre-treatment step toward the efficient treatment of real mixed industrial wastewater rich with heavy metals and organic contaminants.

The effects of emotional stimuli and oxytocin on inhibition ability and response execution in macaque monkeys.

Social and emotional content of environmental stimuli influence executive control of behavior. There has been a great variability in the behavioral effects of emotional stimuli in humans. These variabilities might arise from other contextual factors, such as specific task demands or natural hormones, which potentially interact with emotional stimuli in modulating executive functions.

Aberrant renal hilar pelvic anatomy in a malrotated kidney.

Understanding variations in uretero-pelvic anatomy is of paramount importance from a surgical, radiological and academic perspective. We report an unheard renal hilar pelvic anatomy where the renal pelvis presented as the most anterior hilar structure. We believe an embryologic event in the renal ascent and rotation can account for this unusual presentation.

Dimensional bias and adaptive adjustments in inhibitory control of monkeys.

Humans and macaque monkeys, performing a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), show a significant behavioral bias to a particular sensory dimension (e.g. color or shape); however, lesions in prefrontal cortical regions do not abolish the dimensional biases in monkeys and, therefore, it has been proposed that these biases emerge in earlier stages of visual information processing.

Color-hierarchies in executive control of monkeys' behavior.

Processing advantages for particular colors (color-hierarchies) influence emotional regulation and cognitive functions in humans and manifest as an advantage of the red color, compared with the green color, in triggering response inhibition but not in response execution. It remains unknown how such color-hierarchies emerge in human cognition and whether they are the unique properties of human brain with advanced trichromatic vision. Dominant models propose that color-hierarchies are formed as experience-dependent learning that associates various colors with different human-made conventions and concepts (e.

Transplant nephrectomy with peritoneal window: Georgetown University experience.

Objectives: Transplant nephrectomy is a technically challenging procedure with high complication rates. Morbidity and mortality are mostly due to hemorrhage or infection and are reported to be 17-60% and 1-39%, respectively. The most common surgical technique for transplant nephrectomy is sub-capsular, extraperitoneal approach which may result in fluid accumulation and subsequent super-infection.

Alum irrigation for the treatment of adenovirus induced hemorrhagic cystitis in a kidney transplant recipient.

Adenovirus is a rare cause of hemorrhagic cystitis in the transplant population. We present a case of a forty-one-year-old man with end-stage renal disease who underwent living unrelated donor kidney transplant in 2016. In 2018 he presented with acute onset gross hematuria and dysuria, with serologic testing and immunohistochemical stains of biopsy specimens positive for adenovirus.

Comparison of glycemic control after pancreas transplantation for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic recipients at a high volume center.

Introduction: The number of pancreas transplants (PTX) in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has increased in response to excellent outcomes in appropriately selected patients. Not all pancreas transplant centers share an enthusiasm for performing PTX for T2DM out of concern for increased complication rates. This study aims to clarify the characteristics of T2DM recipients with successful outcomes to clarify which candidates are more suitable for PTX as means of maximizing access to this highly effective therapy for Type 2 patients.

Diets enriched with whole grains reduce premenstrual syndrome scores in nurses: an open-label parallel randomised controlled trial.

Although previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of some components of whole grains on premenstrual syndrome (PMS), our literature review shows that no clinical trial has studied the effect of whole grain consumption on PMS so far. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the effect of diets rich in whole grains on PMS among nurses. This study is a parallel controlled clinical trial with a 3-month intervention period in which, after following two menstrual cycles among nurses, 100 nurses diagnosed with PMS were randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control, with fifty individuals in each.