Publications by authors named "Ghanyah Al-Qadami"

The intestinal microenvironment represents a complex and dynamic ecosystem, comprising a diverse range of epithelial and non-epithelial cells, a protective mucus layer, and a diverse community of gut microbiota. Understanding the intricate interplay between these components is essential for uncovering the mechanisms underlying intestinal health and disease. The development of intestinal organoids, 3D mini-intestines that closely mimic the architecture, cellular diversity, and functionality of the intestine, offers a powerful platform for investigating different aspects of intestinal physiology and pathology.

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Despite improvements in participation in population-based screening programme, colorectal cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Targeted interventions are desirable to reduce the health and economic burden of this disease. Two-dimensional monolayers of colorectal cancer cell lines represent the traditional in vitro models for disease and are often used for diverse purposes, including the delineation of molecular pathways associated with disease aetiology or the gauging of drug efficacy.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Oral mucositis (OM) is a significant side effect of cancer therapy, affecting up to 80% of patients, and is characterized by the destruction of epithelial cells and increased inflammation, creating a favorable environment for infections.
  • - Research is examining how changes in the oral microbiome may be linked to the development and severity of OM, beyond just opportunistic infections, through 16S rRNA gene sequencing in cancer patients.
  • - The review emphasizes the potential for targeting the microbiome as a therapeutic strategy in managing OM and discusses whether microbiome changes are causes or effects of mucosal damage.
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Purpose: Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome influences radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity by modulating immune signalling. However, its contribution to radiotherapy outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) is yet to be investigated. This study, therefore, aimed to uncover associations between an individual's pre-therapy gut microbiota and (i) severity of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM), and (ii) recurrence risk in patients with HNC.

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The gut microbiota has emerged as a key modulator of cancer treatment responses in terms of both efficacy and toxicity. This effect is clearly mediated by processes impacting the activation and modulation of immune responses. More recently, the ability to regulate chemotherapeutic drug metabolism has also emerged as a key driver of response, although the direct mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated.

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Article Synopsis
  • Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and painful side effect of cancer treatments, causing issues with eating and speaking, and negatively affecting patients' quality of life and treatment success.
  • The development of OM involves complex processes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and signaling pathways, as well as changes in the oral and gut microbiome due to cancer therapies.
  • This mini-review examines how these microbiome alterations contribute to OM and discusses potential strategies for targeting the microbiome to improve outcomes for affected patients.
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Purpose: Due to its pivotal role in the modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key modulator of cancer treatment-induced gastrointestinal mucositis. However, it is not clear yet how it affects radiation therapy-induced oral mucositis (OM). As such, this study aimed to explore the gut microbiota's role in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced OM in rats.

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Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a powerful tool used to connect changes in gut microbial composition with a variety of disease states and pathologies. While FMT enables potential causal relationships to be identified, the experimental details reported in preclinical FMT protocols are highly inconsistent and/or incomplete. This limitation reflects a current lack of authoritative guidance on reporting standards that would facilitate replication efforts and ultimately reproducible science.

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Radiotherapy is a mainstay of solid tumor management but can be associated with unacceptable levels of off-target tissue toxicity which impact treatment outcomes and patients' quality of life. Tumour response to radiotherapy and the frequency and severity of radiotherapy-induced toxicities, especially mucositis, varies among patients. Gut microbiota has been found to modulate both the efficacy and toxicity of some types of cancer chemotherapies and immunotherapies but has yet to be investigated thoroughly in the setting of radiotherapy.

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