Impact of breastfeeding and formula feeding on immune cell populations and blood cell parameters: an observational study.

Objective: Breastfeeding is associated with improved health outcomes in infancy and throughout adulthood as breast milk encompasses diverse immune-active factors that affect the ontogeny of the immune system in breastfed (BF) infants. Nevertheless, the impact of infant feeding on the immune system is poorly understood, and a comprehensive understanding of immune system development in human infants is lacking. In this observational study, we addressed the effects of different infant feeding approaches on cell populations and parameters in the peripheral blood of infants to gain insight into the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system.

Crosstalk between mitochondrial homeostasis and AMPK pathway mediate the receptor-mediated cardioprotective effects of estradiol in ovariectomized female rats.

Estrogen (E2) deficiency is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, the exact mechanism for the E2 protective effect on CVD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the estrogen receptor (ER) and non-receptor mediated effects of E2 treatment on the cardiac expression of adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), autophagic, mitophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis-regulating genes in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Female rats were divided into two main groups; sham and bilaterally OVX rats, then each group was subdivided into four subgroups according to treatment; untreated, subcutaneously treated with E2 (30 μg/kg), or Fulvestrant (F) (5 mg/Kg), or a combination of both drugs for 28 days.

The circulatory levels and bone expression of MIR21, 34a, 155 and their target genes in a section of Egyptian Population.

Bone tissue is constantly regenerated and repaired through a finely balanced process known as bone remodeling. Many miRNAs act as regulators of the signaling pathways involved in bone metabolic processes to maintain tissue homeostasis. This study aimed to assess the circulating levels of MIR21, MIR34a, and MIR155 in human serum and their bone expression, and the expression of bone turnover-related genes which can reflect the bone quality.

Hesperidin Nanoformulation: A Potential Strategy for Reducing Doxorubicin-Induced Renal Damage via the Sirt-1/HIF1-α/VEGF/NF-κB Signaling Cascade.

Hesperidin (Hes) functions as a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory to guard against damage to the heart, liver, and kidneys. Nevertheless, due to its restricted solubility and bioavailability, a delivery method is required for it to reach a specific organ. In this study, ion gelation was used to synthesize a chitosan/hesperidin nanoformulation.

Therapeutic efficiency of Tamoxifen/Orlistat nanocrystals against solid ehrlich carcinoma via targeting TXNIP/HIF1-α/MMP-9/P27 and BAX/Bcl2/P53 signaling pathways.

Background: Orlistat (Orli) is an anti-obesity medication that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. It has relatively limited oral bioavailability with promising inhibitory effects on cell proliferation as well as reducing the growth of tumors.

Aims: This investigation was done to evaluate the potential protective effect of Tamoxifen/Orlistat nanocrystals alone or in combination against Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma (SEC) and to clarify the possible underlying influences.

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Dark Chocolate as Age-appropriate Oral Matrix.

Swallowing difficulties encountered by geriatric patients who undergo polypharmacy represent a significant challenge that hampers patient compliance and therapeutic management. As an appealing and sensory-pleasing, chocolate-based formulations have emerged as a potential alternative oral dosage form suitable for both the elderly and paediatric populations. However, the extent to which the incorporation of drugs into a chocolate matrix affects their oral availability remains unclear.

The antidiabetic effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles highlights the role of WNT/AMPK/mTOR/FOXO1/mitochondrial DNA in muscle and kidney.

To explore the antidiabetic effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)-PEG-550 and its related metabolic pathways in muscles and kidney. Diabetes was induced in 5-day neonatal rats; after confirming diabetes, treatment with SPIONs-PEG-550 started at different doses for 4 weeks. Routine analysis of glucose, insulin, adipocytokines, urea and creatinine was performed.

Exploring the Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Xanthine Oxidase and COX Inhibitory Activity of Commonly Grown Wild in Saudi Arabia.

The use of the synthetic drugs has increased in the last few decades; however, these drugs exhibit various side effects. Scientists are therefore seeking alternatives from natural sources. has long been used to treat various disorders.

The Anti-Obesity and Anti-Steatotic Effects of Chrysin in a Rat Model of Obesity Mediated through Modulating the Hepatic AMPK/mTOR/lipogenesis Pathways.

Background: Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease characterized by excessive adiposity, and is linked to an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds that exert interesting pharmacological effects as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering agents. In the present study, we investigated the possible therapeutic effects of the flavonoid chrysin on obesity and NAFLD in rats, and the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways in mediating these effects.

Volatile Composition and Biological Activity of Jordanian Commercial Samples of L. Fruits.

The present paper reports the GC-HS-SPME analysis of volatile emission and GC-MS analysis of chemical composition of essential oil of fruits of eight different samples of L. fruits ("sumac" folk name), collected from Jordanian agricultural field and the local market. The analyses show an important variability among the Sumac samples probably due to the origin, cultivation, harvesting period, drying, and conservation of the plant material.

Fatty Acid Analysis, Chemical Constituents, Biological Activity and Pesticide Residues Screening in Jordanian Propolis.

Propolis is a resinous natural product collected by honeybees ( and others) from tree exudates that has been widely used in folk medicine. The present study was carried out to investigate the fatty acid composition, chemical constituents, antioxidant, and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of Jordanian propolis, collected from Al-Ghour, Jordan. The hexane extract of Jordanian propolis contained different fatty acids, which are reported for the first time by using GC-FID.

Hypolipidaemic and Insulin Secretagogue Activities of (R)-(-)-Carvone.

Background: Dyslipidaemias are common in patients with diabetes mellitus. A high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in hyperlipidaemic patients also exists. The aim of this study was to find a treatment that lowers both blood glucose and lipid levels simultaneously.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of salbutamol inhaled from a pressurized metered dose inhaler either alone or connected to a newly enhanced spacer design.

Background: Coordination between actuation of a pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) and inhalation is a critical manoeuvre that many patients fail to perform correctly. pMDIs connected to spacers do not require hand-lung coordination. This study evaluated the relative lung and systemic bioavailability and oropharyngeal deposition of salbutamol post-inhalation from Ventolin® Evohaler® (GlaxoSmithKline) either alone following verbal inhaler technique counselling (VC) or connected to a newly improved Able Spacer® (AS).

Improving hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis as a postulated mechanism for the antidiabetic effect of Spirulina platensis in comparison with metformin.

Various nutritional and medicinal potencies have been accredited to metabolites from the cyanobacteria, Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis) sp. Hence, our study was designed to examine whether the Spirulina supplementation would possess beneficial effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in comparison with metformin. High-fat diet/low-dose streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) model was adopted and the diabetic rats were orally treated with metformin (200 mg/kg) or Spirulina (250 or 500 or 750 mg/kg) for 30 days.

Corrigendum to "Effects of Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Activities of Cyclooxygenases and Levels of Prostaglandins E and F Metabolites, in the Offspring of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2016/9354937.].

Effects of Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Activities of Cyclooxygenases and Levels of Prostaglandins E and F Metabolites, in the Offspring of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes.

Our aim was to evaluate the protective effect of lipoic acid (LA) on fetal outcome of diabetic mothers. Diabetes was induced in female rats using streptozotocin and rats were made pregnant. Pregnant control (group 1; = 9; and group 2; = 7) or pregnant diabetic (group 3; = 10; and group 4; = 8) rats were treated daily with either LA (groups 2 and 4) or vehicle (groups 1 and 3) between gestational days 0 and 15.

Indacaterol determination in human urine: validation of a liquid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analytical method.

Background: Indacaterol is a novel once-a-day inhaled ultra-long-acting β2-agonist. Quantitative bioanalysis supports pharmacokinetic and clinical research. The aim of the current work was to validate an in-house developed high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analytical method for indacaterol determination in human urine samples.

The hypocholesterolemic and antioxidative effect of dietary diosgenin and chromium chloride supplementation on high-cholesterol fed Japanese quails.

The current study investigated the effect of natural diosgenin extracted from fenugreek seeds, in comparison with the pure standard diosgenin, plus chromium chloride (CrCl3) supplementation on high-cholesterol fed Japanese quails. Quails were randomly divided into four groups. Group one (n = 25) fed experimental diet only (control; contained basal diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol), group 2 (n = 20) fed experimental diet supplemented with CrCl3 only (400 microg kg(-1) of body weight), groups 3 and 4 (n = 30 per group) were fed experimental diet supplemented with either 0.

Diabetic hand syndromes as a clinical and diagnostic tool for diabetes mellitus patients.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia with various complications including diabetic hand syndrome (DHS); a condition characterized by association of distinct entities; limited joint mobility (LJM), Dupuytren's disease (DD), flexor tenosynovitis (FTS) and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of these changes and their association to diabetes duration. We studied 142 type 2 and 45 type 1 DM patients and investigated the presence of these hand changes and peripheral neuropathy (PNP).

Smoking practices in Jordanian people and their impact on semen quality and hormonal levels among adult men.

Despite worldwide anti-smoking campaigns, cigarette smoking prevalence is increasing in the third-world countries. It is now regarded as the most important public health issue. Here, we study the current smoking situation and investigate the impact of cigarette smoking on semen quality and hormonal levels among adult people.

The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and placental growth factor-2 in embryopathy associated with experimental diabetic gestation.

The objective of this study was to investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and placental growth factor-2 (PlGF-2) in fetal malformations associated with maternal diabetes. Diabetes was induced in female rats. Diabetic and control female rats were made pregnant.