Krukenberg Tumors in Young Women: Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis.

Introduction: The purpose of this report was to present the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of Krukenberg tumors and to review the pertinent clinical data about the rising incidence of this malignancy among young women.

Material And Methods: This series included 8 women who ranged in age from 24 to 44 years (mean, 36.3 years).

CT and MR imaging of the properitoneal fat pad: a pictorial essay.

The properitoneal fat pad is a distinctive anatomical structure located in the midline of anterior abdominal wall between the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum. It has variable size and configuration depending on the gender and nutritional status of individuals, but CT and MR images of the upper abdomen can readily depict its shape and adipose composition. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the CT and MRI features of normal properitoneal fat pad, and the spectrum of pathological processes that affect it among patients.

Computed tomography of hyper-attenuated liver: Pictorial essay.

Demonstration of a very dense or hyper-attenuated liver on the pre-contrast CT images of the abdomen can be an unexpected finding. It may present as a diagnostic challenge if the underlying cause of it is not apparent from the provided clinical history. There are about 12 different pathologic conditions that are associated with deposition of radiopaque elements within the hepatic parenchyma, resulting in diffuse or multi-lobar hyperdense appearance of the liver on abdominal radiographs and CT.

Imaging congenital anomalies of the ileum in adults:a pictorial review.

The ileal loops are anatomical location for the majority of congenital anomalies affecting the gastrointestinal tract. These include Meckel's diverticulum, ileal duplication, dysgenesis, atresia, mucosal diaphragm, and malposition of the ileum. Symptomatic lesions that often present with abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction or bleeding are usually diagnosed and treated during infancy and childhood.

Imaging of eggshells and eggs in the gastrointestinal tract: pictorial essay.

Ingestion of eggshell in its natural form or as ground and powdered product has become a popular means of dietary calcium supplementation in adults. These substances appear as conspicuous radiopaque material within the gastrointestinal tract on radiographs or computed tomography of the abdomen. The ingested eggshell fragments are usually visible as curvilinear structures on profile view, whereas the ground or powdered eggshells appear as granular densities.

Accidental or intentional ingestion of toothbrushes: experience with 8 adult patients.

Purpose: Ingestion of a toothbrush is an unusual event but may occur either accident or by intent. Radiological examinations play a crucial role in determining the exact location of the object within the gastrointestinal tract and in planning for its removal by endoscopic or surgical intervention.

Methods: Medical and radiological records of 8 patients who had swallowed the broken heads or entire toothbrush were retrospectively reviewed.

Resurgence of intestinal ascariasis among adults: radiological diagnosis and clinical implications.

To report the radiological features of intestinal ascariasis and to review the clinical implications of this re-emerging disease for adult population of the USA. This retrospective observational study involved 12 adult patients, whose radiological examinations disclosed unsuspected presence of ascaris in their intestinal tract. They were evaluated by computed tomography of the abdomen with oral contrast, small bowel series with barium, and magnetic resonance enterography.

Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in patients infected with tuberculosis; a sero-molecular case-control study in northwest Iran.

In this study, we investigated the possible association between TB and Toxoplasma gondii infection. One hundred confirmed TB individuals living in northwest Iran were classified into three subgroups; newly diagnosed patients (NTB), old diagnosed patients (OTB) and multidrug resistance patients (MDR-TB). One hundred healthy subjects in the same age and sex distribution were ethnically matched.

Radiological features and clinical implications of persistent congenital mesocolon: Pictorial essay.

In human foetus, the mesenteries that carry vascular and neural supply to the alimentary tube play an important role in its development and anatomical location within the abdominal cavity. The mesenteric attachments of the small bowel, transverse colon and sigmoid allow them to be intraperitoneally mobile structures. In contrast, the ascending and descending colon lose their mesenteries by fusion with the parietal peritoneum and become fixed in retroperitoneal position along the posterolateral walls of the abdomen.

Intramural diverticulosis and diverticulitis of the colon: Pictorial essay.

Diverticulosis of the colon is a gradually progressive disease that usually starts in early adulthood and increases with advancing age in its anatomical extent and the size of diverticula. It is important to recognize the initial stages of diverticular development in young patients in order to properly diagnose and manage the potential complications of this very common intestinal disorder. This article presents the pathological and radiological features of early diverticular formation, when the mucosal outpouchings are very small and contained within the colonic wall as distinct intramural lesions.

Intraperitoneal Barium From Gastrointestinal Perforations: Reassessment of the Prognosis and Long-Term Effects.

The purpose of this study was to reassess the outcome and potential consequences of intraperitoneal barium leakage during radiologic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract. This retrospective study included 18 patients who had significant intraperitoneal leakage of barium from gastrointestinal perforations that were not suspected or diagnosed before the radiologic procedures. This complication occurred during a barium enema examination in nine patients, an upper gastrointestinal study in seven, and a small bowel series in two patients.

Pulsion diverticula of the rectum: Radiological diagnosis and clinical implications.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the appearance of acquired rectal diverticula on barium enema and computed tomography (CT) and to review the pertinent clinical data about this entity.

Methods: This series included 3 men and 6 women, who ranged in age from 47 to 82 years (average: 64 years). Air-contrast barium enema in 6 patients with history of anorectal disease or obstructed defecation demonstrated rectal diverticula.

Allergy-induced urticaria of the colon.

This article reports 2 adult patients who had developed an acute allergic reaction to food ingredients or medications, respectively. Both patients presented with concurrent urticaria of the skin and colon. The latter finding appeared as numerous raised plaques of the colonic mucosa on radiographic and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen.

Morphology of the Esophageal Hiatus: Is It Different in 3 Types of Hiatus Hernias?

Background/aims: The esophageal hiatus is formed by the right crus of the diaphragm in the majority of subjects. Contraction of the hiatus exerts a sphincter-like action on the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The aim is to study the hiatal anatomy (using CT scan imaging) and function (using high-resolution manometry [HRM]), and esophageal motor function in patients with sliding and paraesophageal hiatal hernia.

Functional morphology of the lower esophageal sphincter and crural diaphragm determined by three-dimensional high-resolution esophago-gastric junction pressure profile and CT imaging.

The smooth muscles of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and skeletal muscles of the crural diaphragm (CD) provide a closure/antireflux barrier mechanism at the esophago-gastric junction (EGJ). A number of questions in regard to the pressure profile of the LES and CD remain unclear, e.g.

The effects of flexed (fetal tucking) and extended (free body) postures on the daily sleep quantity of hospitalized premature infants: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Proper sleep is essential for the development of premature infants. Infants, during hospitalization, might suffer from inappropriate postures and insufficient sleep hours. To compare the daily sleep quantities of premature infants in flexed (facilitated fetal tucking) posture and extended (free body) posture.

Imaging of Meckel's diverticulum in adults: pictorial essay.

Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. It is usually asymptomatic but may present with complications of acute diverticular inflammation, ulceration, hemorrhage, small bowel obstruction, perforation, retained foreign bodies, enterolith formation, and neoplasm development. Thus, the preoperative radiological diagnosis is crucial for proper management of the patients.

Non-tropical chyluria: CT diagnosis.

Chyluria is commonly associated with filariasis, which is prevalent among the population of tropical and subtropical regions. Chyluria is seldom encountered in the United States and other western countries, but may occur if the flow of chyle into the thoracic duct is blocked due to inflammatory, neoplastic, or various other etiologies. We report 10 adult patients, in whom the detection of fat-urine level in their bladder on abdominal CT provided the initial diagnostic clue to the presence of chyluria.

Correction of bone marrow failure in dyskeratosis congenita by bone marrow transplantation.

Dyskeratosis congenita is recognized by its dermal lesions and constitutional aplastic anemia in some cases. We report successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in two siblings with this disease from their sister, and their long term follow-up. We used reduced doses of cyclophosphamide and busulfan for conditioning instead of total body irradiation.

Gastric cancer. Radiologic staging.

CT scan and EUS play complementary roles in staging gastric cancer. CT scan is initially performed to detect local and distant metastases. Depending on institutional expertise, EUS may be considered for local staging.